Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of sea cucumber (Muelleria lecanora) from Barrang Lompo Islands, Makassar South Sulawesi

M Yusuf,Nur Fitriani U.A,M Imran,L Mahyati

doi:10.26656/fr.2017.4(6).187

Abstract

Barrang Lompo Island Waters is home for different species of marine biota of sea cucumber (Muelleria lecanora). Many sea cucumber species have been used as health supplements because they contain bioactive compounds that are beneficial to people in Indonesia. Given this, our study was designed to investigate the phytochemical, and antibacterial properties of crude acetone, methanol and hexane extract of sea cucumber using maceration extraction methods. The sea cucumber extract was prepared and the phytochemical profile was studied by analysing Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that the extracts were a complex mixture of numerous compounds; many of which were present in trace amounts antioxidants and antimicrobial; hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9-octadecenoic acid (z) -, methyl ester (stearic acid methyl ester), octadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 2-[(hexadecyloxy)methyl]oxirane, cholest5-en-3-yl acetate, ergosta-14,22-dien-3-ol, acetate,(3.beta.,5.alpha.,22e), 5,8,11,14- eicosatetraenoic acid, methyl ester, (all-z) epa/omega 3, pentacosane, hexatriacontane, and 9-hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z). The extract was also evaluated for activity against three pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella) using the disc diffusion method. The extract exhibited clear zones of inhibition against the tested bacteria. Maximum inhibitory zone concentration values were demonstrated to be: Escherichia coli = 6.84 mm , Staphylococcus aureus = 7.22 mm, and Salmonella = 7.87 mm. These results revealed the significant potential of sea cucumber as a source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents and also highlight the necessity of further purification and characterisation of solitary bioactive compounds for their prospective applications in pharmaceutical industries, food, and nutraceutical (food functional)

Highlights

The increasing number of scientific research and journals published in recent decades has to do with functional materials derived from vegetable and animal natural resources, potentially as food functional, nutraceuticals and health supplement products that support nutritional value needs and improve body health
Acetone and methanol were found to be the best solvent for phytochemicals extraction from Sea cucumber
The methanol and hexane extract showed a maximum number of bioactive compounds in preliminary phytochemical analysis and a good amount of antibacterial activity and total phenolics in the antioxidant activity

Summary

Introduction

The increasing number of scientific research and journals published in recent decades has to do with functional materials derived from vegetable and animal natural resources, potentially as food functional, nutraceuticals and health supplement products that support nutritional value needs and improve body health. Sea cucumber is a source of natural ingredients that contain functional ingredients and bioactive compound that can be used in biomedicine and food processing industries. Sea cucumber is a marine invertebrate of the Holothuroidea class, has rough skin on its outer and elongated body and contains a single branched gonad. This marine animal has a wide number of species, ranging from 1716 species, with the largest potential of biological diversity in the Asia-Pacific region. Sea cucumber includes living marine animals with complex environments, making it difficult to live in extreme environments, the sea cucumber can produce biologically active secondary metabolites that can not be found and obtained from other marine animals (Pangestuti and Arifin, 2018)

Methods

Results

Conclusion