Phytochemical and Antibacterial Analysis of Mangkokan Leaf Extract Against Salmonella typhimurium Bacteria

Abstract

Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria that causes gastroenteritis in humans. Transmission of this bacteria generally occurs through faecal-oral transmission. Mangkokan is a plant that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Mangkokan leaves contain tannins, flavonoids and saponins which are thought to have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical compound of mangkokan leaves extract through phytochemical screening and the antibacterial activity of mangkokan leaves extract against Salmonella typhimurium bacteria. Mangkokan leaves extract was obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent. Antibacterial test against Salmonella typhimurium was conducted in vitro by agar diffusion method. The concentration of extracts used in this study were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Positive control using chloramphenicol antibiotics and negative control using DMSO. The results of phytochemical screening showed the extract of mangkokan leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, Triterpenoids, saponins, tannins and phenols. The results of antibacterial test showed that extracts of mangkokan leaves with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% had antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium. 100% of extract concentration resulted in the largest inhibition zone with diameter of 11.66 mm.