Phytochemical analysis of crop extracts and assessment of their allelopathic effect on germination and seedling growth of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor)

Abstract

This study explored the allelopathic potential of sorghum, rapeseed, and oat extracts at various concentrations on wild mustard and faba bean seeds. The chemical composition of these extracts, including flavonoids, terpenes, and phenolic compounds, was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Wild mustard seeds showed significant susceptibility to aqueous extracts, with complete suppression of germination observed at concentrations of 75% and 100% (v/v). Conversely, the germination rate of faba bean remained largely unaffected, whereas root and shoot lengths exhibited differential responses based on the concentration and specific plant extract. Notably, certain treatments, particularly rapeseed (at 75%) and rapeseed-sorghum combinations (at 50% and 75%), inhibited wild mustard germination and stimulated radicle and hypocotyl growth in faba beans. This differential reactivity suggests the potential of faba beans as an alternative to weed management in its cultivation. Overall, aqueous extracts from sorghum, rapeseed, and oats displayed significant phytotoxic effects on wild mustard, while inducing varied responses in faba bean seeds. These findings underscore the promise of these extracts as eco-friendly alternatives for weed management in faba bean crops, warranting further exploration and optimization of sustainable agricultural practices.