Phytochemical Analysis, Antispasmodic, Myorelaxant, and Antioxidant Effect of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants Flower Hydroethanolic Extracts and Its Chloroform and Ethyl Acetate Fractions.

Fahd Kandsi,Mohamed F Alajmi,Fatima Zahra Lafdil,Christophe Hano,Raffaele Conte,Mohammed Aziz,Nadia Gseyra,Mohamed Marghich,Hamza Mechchate,Mohamed Bouhrim

doi:10.3390/molecules26237300

Abstract

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants is an annual or ephemeral perennial herb used traditionally in the Mediterranean region in folk medicine to treat various illnesses, including those related to the digestive system. This study aims to assess the antispasmodic, myorelaxant, and antioxidant effects of D. ambrosioides flower hydroethanolic extract and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions in a comparative study to evaluate the result of the extraction type on the potential activity of the extract. Both rat and rabbit jejunum were used to evaluate the antispasmodic and myorelaxant effect, while the antioxidant effect was evaluated using DPPH, a ferric reducing power assay, and a beta-carotene bleaching test. LC/MS-MS analysis was carried out to reveal the composition of the different types of extract. Following the results, the hydroethanolic extract showed a significant myorelaxant effect (IC50 = 0.39 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Moreover, it was shown that the hydroethanolic extract demonstrated the best antispasmodic activity (IC50 = 0.51 ± 0.05 mg/mL), followed by the ethyl acetate (IC50 = 4.05 ± 0.32 mg/mL) and chloroform (IC50 = 4.34 ± 0.45 mg/mL) fractions. The antioxidant tests showed that the hydroethanolic extract demonstrated high antioxidant activity, followed by the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. The LC/MS-MS analysis indicates that the plant extract was rich in flavonoids, to which the extract activity has been attributed. This study supports the traditional use of this plant to treat digestive problems, especially those with spasms.

Highlights

This study aims to assess the antispasmodic, myorelaxant, and antioxidant effects of D. ambrosioides flower hydroethanolic extract and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions in a comparative study to evaluate the result of the extraction type on the potential activity of the extract
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants—formerly Chenopodium ambrosioides, otherwise known as Jesuit’s tea, Mexican tea, payqu, epazote, mastruz, or herba sanctæ Mariæ (Arabic: M’khinza, French: anserine vermifuge)—is a wild species from tropical America naturalized in the Old World [1]
This comparative study proved that the prepared hydroethanolic extract from

Summary

Introduction

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants—formerly Chenopodium ambrosioides, otherwise known as Jesuit’s tea, Mexican tea, payqu (paico), epazote, mastruz, or herba sanctæ Mariæ (Arabic: M’khinza, French: anserine vermifuge)—is a wild species from tropical America naturalized in the Old World [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that D. ambrosioides is among the most widely used medicinal plants [2] It can be used as a antirheumatic, analgesic [3], sedative, and antipyretic [4]. It is used as an herbal tea in Mexico to stimulate milk production and to improve blood flow. This plant has been widely used as a remedy for digestive disorders since centuries ago [5]. In Morocco, the entire plant is used as an infusion or juice for gastrointestinal diseases, typhoid, and dysentery in children and adults and as a galactogen. Several authors have described the antioxidant [7], anti-leishmaniasis [8], antitumor [9], anthelmintic [10], molluscicidal [11], nematocidal [12], antimalarial [13], anti-inflammatory [14], and insecticidal properties of this plant [15,16,17]

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