Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of ethanol extract of Coula edulis seed shell

Nkop Ekpeno Josiah Nkop Ekpeno Josiah,Onisoman Chuks Zudonu Onisoman Chuks Zudonu,Charles Chima Onyeji Charles Chima Onyeji

doi:10.30574/gscbps.2020.12.1.0056

Nkop Ekpeno Josiah Nkop Ekpeno Josiah, Onisoman Chuks Zudonu Onisoman Chuks Zudonu + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2020.12.1.0056

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Abstract

The phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential ethanol extract of Coula edulis (C. edulis) were evaluated. The presence of anthraquinones, steroids phenols, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and deoxy-sugar were ascertained to justify the utilization of this plant in the treatment of diseases. The ethanol extract of Coula edules seed shell was also examined for antioxidant activities and against seven different isolates. Phytochemical profile of the ethanol extract of Coula edulis shell revealed the presence of terpenes, cardiac glycosides, monosaccharides and carbohydrates while alkaloids was found to be absent in the extract. The extract of Coula edules seed shell revealed a very strong antioxidant activity when compared to vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene. The antimicrobial result showed that at all concentrations of the seed extract, the growths with almost all the microorganisms were inhibited. The results confirmed high level of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in ethanol extract of C. edulis contain due to the presence of phytochemical constituents in the plant.

Highlights

Coula edulis Baill belongs to the family of (Olacaceae) which consist of 250 species [2]
Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Saponins, steroids, flavonoids, deoxy sugar, terpenes and phitobatamin in ethanol extract but alkaloids and Anthraquinones were absent
The concentrations of each of the metabolite as shown by the phytochemical screening synergistically contribute to the significant antioxidant potency of Coula edules seed shell

Summary

Introduction

Coula edulis Baill belongs to the family of (Olacaceae) which consist of 250 species [2]. It is a tree with irregular and circumvented stem [7]. The plant usually produces flower in the month of January and May [6] They can grow under plantation condition as a timber plant [5] described the fruit as a nut, ellipsoidal in shape, being about 3-4 cm long with flesh 5-6 mm thick surrounding the kernel. It is locally known as “Ewômœ” in Gabon. Coula edulis Baill (African walnut) is a medium-sized, evergreen tree growing to a height of 25-30 cm with dense crown [6]

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