Abstract
BackgroundInflammation has been implicated in many disorders, including cancer and available therapies elicit adverse effects. Plants of the family Rubiaceae have shown potency against inflammation. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential of Feretia apodanthera was investigated in this study to evaluate its effectiveness.MethodsThe phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of root bark (n-Hexane, diethyl ether, ethanol and aqueous) extracts of Feretia apodanthera was investigated in this study. The extracts were subjected to various chemical tests for phytochemical constituents; their antioxidant activity was determined using in-vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity assay and their anti-inflammatory activity was determined using carrageenan induced paw oedema model. FTIR and GCMS analysis was done to determine the compounds present.ResultsPhytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of unsaturated steroids, triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponin and alkaloids. Vitamin C had a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.038 mg/ml which was lower than IC50 of all the extracts. Of all the extracts, ethanol extract had the lowest IC50 (0.044 mg/ml) which is comparable to vitamin C. Anti-inflammatory studies showed that the inflammation inhibition potential of 400 mg/kg body weight of all the extracts was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the standard ketoprofen (50 mg/kg) at the first three hours but significantly higher (p < 0.05) at the fourth hour. At the fifth hour, the inflammation inhibition potential of diethyl ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the standard. FTIR analysis showed the presence of ketones, amines, alkenes and carboxylic groups. GCMS analysis revealed compounds that are potential anti-inflammatory agents.ConclusionThis study revealed that extracts of Feretia apodanthera possess anti-inflammatory effects against right hind paw oedema of albino rats and can act as an effective antioxidant.
Highlights
Inflammation has been implicated in many disorders, including cancer and available therapies elicit adverse effects
Medicinal plants comprise of phytochemicals that improves the physiological balance of human beings and the knowledge of these healing properties has been passed down through generations
Inflammation can lead to pain and discomfort that can persist for a long period of time [6]
Summary
Inflammation has been implicated in many disorders, including cancer and available therapies elicit adverse effects. Plants have in one way or the other provided the basic need of mankind – food, shelter, clothing, protection from disease causing agents and treatment of various infections and illnesses since early days of human history [1]. Inflammation is usually a body response to tissue damage and to a number of systemic malfunctions including asthma, atherosclerosis, arthritis, physical injury and infection amongst many others [4]. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediate key points in inflammation [5]. Inflammation is classified into acute and chronic inflammation
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