Abstract
Objective This work was to evaluate the chemical constitution of the hydromethanolic (30/70 methanol-water) macerating extract obtained from the leaves of C. nutans, as well as to study the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activity of the species. Materials and methods. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity (total phenolic, total flavonoid, condensed tannins content, DPPH radical, and FRAP), antibacterial activity (P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, E. epidermidis, E. coli, S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. mirabilis, Candida glabrata (clinical isolate), Candida tropicalis (clinical isolate), C. krusei (clinical isolate), and C. albicans (clinical isolate)), and oxidative stress parameters (TBARS, carbonyl protein, and DCFH) were analyzed according to the literature. Toxicity of C. nutans was evaluated using an alternative method, D. melanogaster, as well as a locomotor assay. Results The phytochemical screening test of methanolic leaves extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, quaternary bases, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and free steroids. A quantitative phytochemical study indicated the total phenol (30.17 ± 1.44 mg/g), flavonoid (21.64 ± 0.66 mg/g), and condensed tannins (9.58 ± 0.99 mg/g). DPPH (345.41 ± 5.35 μg/mL) and FRAP (379.98 ± 39.25 μM FeSO4/mg sample) show to extract of C. nutans leaves an intermediate value, indicating moderate antioxidant activity of the extract. Antibacterial results revealed only a positive result (antimicrobial activity) for the hexane fraction which significantly inhibited the microorganisms E. epidermidis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL. TBARS, carbonyl protein, and DCFH demonstrate that the extract has the ability to protect the cell from protein and lipid damage, as well as the inhibition of oxygen-derived radicals at the three concentrations tested: 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL. Regarding the toxicity of C. nutans extract against D. melanogaster, it was found that until the concentration of 15 mg/mL, the extract showed no toxicity and that the LC50 obtained was 24 mg/mL. Results show that the C. nutans extract leaves used to prevent PQ damage were effective in reducing flies' mortality and improving locomotor capacity. Conclusion Our studies demonstrated for the first time that C. nutans crude leaf extract has high antioxidant capacity both in vitro and in vivo through different analysis techniques. These results make it possible to infer future applications in the pharmacological area, evidenced by the low toxicity observed in D. melanogatser, as well as the ability to neutralize different sources of RONS.
Highlights
Letiele Bruck de Souza,1 Amanda Leitão Gindri,2 Thainara de Andrade Fortes,2 Thais Felli Kubiça,2 Jefferson Enderle,1 Rafael Roehrs,1 Sidnei Moura e Silva,3 Vanusa Manfredini,4 and Elton Luıs Gasparotto Denardin 1
Phytochemical Analysis. e qualitative phytochemical analysis of the C. nutans species exhibited the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, quaternary bases, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and free steroids. e presence of these active phytoconstituents clearly demonstrated that leaf C. nutans have prominent antioxidant properties and a source for further exploration in pharmacological activity
No studies have been observed in the literature to prove the presence of all these phytoconstituents, neither at genus, and a a only coumarins was described by Truiti and Sarragioto [18] for the species
Summary
Letiele Bruck de Souza, Amanda Leitão Gindri, Thainara de Andrade Fortes, Thais Felli Kubiça, Jefferson Enderle, Rafael Roehrs, Sidnei Moura e Silva ,3 Vanusa Manfredini, and Elton Luıs Gasparotto Denardin 1. Is work was to evaluate the chemical constitution of the hydromethanolic (30/70 methanol-water) macerating extract obtained from the leaves of C. nutans, as well as to study the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activity of the species. Results show that the C. nutans extract leaves used to prevent PQ damage were effective in reducing flies’ mortality and improving locomotor capacity. In the last two decades, studies focused on natural compounds with antioxidant activities have shown enormous growth, since a substantial amount of evidence has indicated that cell damage caused by oxidative stress has been considered an important factor in aging and in the development of a wide variety of pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases, infectious and/or inflammatory diseases, and degenerative and neurodegenerative diseases [5, 6]. In the last two decades, studies focused on natural compounds with antioxidant activities have shown enormous growth, since a substantial amount of evidence has indicated that cell damage caused by oxidative stress has been considered an important factor in aging and in the development of a wide variety of pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases, infectious and/or inflammatory diseases, and degenerative and neurodegenerative diseases [5, 6]. us, the importance of the search for natural products with antioxidant effect is emphasized, as they are able to prevent, stabilize, or disable free radicals before they attack biological targets in cells (DNA, proteins, and lipids) [7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callMore From: Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
