Abstract
Abstract Ipomoea pes-caprae (Convolvulaceae), popularly known as “salsa-da-praia”, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases, including hypertension. The aim of this research was to evaluate hypotensive activity attributed to this species and identify the bioactive compounds responsible for this effect. Hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Ipomoea pes-caprae (PIEA) was fractionated by column chromatography with Amberlite XAD-2, thus achieving a methanolic fraction (PIEA-M). The chemical profile investigation of PIEA-M was conducted by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and compound isolation through High Performance Countercurrent Chromatography (HPCCC). Hemodynamic evaluations of PIEA, PIEA-M and isolated compounds were carried out on normotensive rats. The locomotor activity of PIEA and PIEA-M were performed by Rota Rod test using Swiss mice. UPLC-MS analysis of PIEA-M led to the identification of 11 compounds corresponding to seven phenolic acids and four flavonoids. By means of HPCCC, quercetin 6”-O-acetyl-3-O- glucoside (1), a mixture of quercetin-3-O-galactoside and quercetin-3-O- glucoside (2) and quercetin 3-O-glucoside (3) were isolated. PIEA, PIEA-M and the obtained compounds (1 and 2) significantly reduced blood pressure. Also, PIEA and PIEA-M caused significant impairment on mice locomotor activity. These results indicate the potential of Ipomoea pes-caprae as a source of hypotensive agents suggesting that phenolic compounds present in the species are responsible for its hypotensive activity.
Highlights
Natural products play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry, providing many active substances used to treat several diseases (Berlinck et al 2017)
Last surveys about new drug sources, conducted between 1981 and 2014, showed most medicines derive from natural products (Newman & Cragg 2016). 122 compounds used as medicines were obtained from 94 plant species, and 80% of these plants have been used in folk medicine for the same purpose (Fabricant & Farnsworth 2001)
High blood pressure complications accounts for 9.4 million deaths per year higher than cancer-related deaths per year (World Health Organization 2013, 2017)
Summary
Natural products play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry, providing many active substances used to treat several diseases (Berlinck et al 2017). In this sense, the popular knowledge significantly contributes to the development of new medicines (Viegas & Bolzani 2006). Hypertension is a disease affecting one billion people worldwide (World Health Organization 2013) and is the main risk-factor for emergency cardiovascular-related episodes such as stroke, peripheral arterial disease, renal and heart failures (Kannel 2000). Hypertension is asymptomatic in the early stage and many people are undiagnosed. Those who are diagnosed may not be able to accomplish a successful long-term disease control. The anti-hypertensive therapy changes, doing so that the patient inevitably needs to use two or more drugs to achieve the desirable effect (World Health Organization 2013)
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