Abstract
Purpose: To determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of R. sativus rhizome ethanol extract and the hepatoprotective effect of the extract in rats.
 Methods: Folin–Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride colorimetric tests were used to determine the contents of phenols and flavonoids in the R. sativus extract. Male Sprague-Dawley rats induced with CCl4 to develop hepatotoxicity were treated orally with R. sativus extract for 4 weeks. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract on the liver were determined by evaluating the concentration of oxidative analytes, serum liver enzymes and lipids, and hepatic histopathology and cytochrome P450 2E1 expression.
 Results: R. sativus extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the hepatotoxic effect of CCl4 via its antioxidant activities and protection of liver tissues from oxidative damage.
 Conclusion: The hepatoprotective effects of R. sativus rhizome ethanol extract are attributed to its highphenolic and flavonoid contents.
 Keywords: R. savitus rhizome, Phenols, Flavonoid contents, antioxidant, Hepatoprotective
Highlights
Liver diseases are become more of a health concern, accounting for approximately 2 million deaths worldwide [1]
The results were expressed as mg of Gallic acid equivalent (GAE; 5 – 100 μg/mL) per gram of dry extract
The absorbance of the mixture was determined spectrophotometrically at 25 oC and 415 nm and the result expressed as mg of rutin equivalent (RE; 5 – 25 μg/mL) per gram dry extract
Summary
Liver diseases are become more of a health concern, accounting for approximately 2 million deaths worldwide [1]. Current drugs in use for the treatment of hepatic toxicity are associated with intolerable side effects. Compounds from plants are being investigated to determine their usefulness in the treatment of liver diseases [2]. Among plants with potential hepatoprotective effects is the Raphanus sativus var. The plant, commonly known as radish and belonging to the root vegetable family, Cruciferae, is originally from Europe and Asia [3]. The rhizome of the plant reportedly has other medical
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