Abstract
BackgroundFalcaria vulgaris Bernh among the most important member of Apiaceae family has been used for medical investigation in Iran and some regions in the world. This plant possesses a range of coumarin and flavonoids compounds that have many therapeutic properties such as gastrointestinal and liver diseases, skin ulcers, gastric ulcers, and intestinal inflammation. It has also been found that these compounds lead to cytotoxic effects.ObjectiveThis study contains concentrates on the cytotoxic effect and induction of apoptosis on cancerous cells (SW-872) through various extracts and essential oil of Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. It considers the volatile compounds of effective samples.MethodsThe shoot of the plant was extracted by the Soxhlet apparatus and its essential oil was taken by the Clevenger apparatus. The cytotoxicity of the samples was evaluated by the MTT method and the mechanism of cancer cell death by flow cytometry and finally, the volatile compounds of essential oils and effective extracts were identified by GC-MS.ResultsThe results demonstrated that n-Hexane extract and 40% VLC fraction had the greatest cytotoxic effect on SW-872 cells. While, the most abundant volatile compounds in essential oil and 40% VLC fraction of n-Hexane extract were terpenoid compounds like (+) spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide, in n-Hexane extract tetradecan, and spathulenol were the most, respectively.ConclusionThe fraction of 40% n-Hexane was in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly with controlling cells inhibited the growth of cancer cells. A plausible explanation could be made to account for this effect. This inhibition was made through induction of apoptosis and due to the presence of effective volatile compounds such as terpenoids and non-terpenoids which could be considered as valuable natural sources for the isolation of anti-cancer compounds.
Highlights
Cancer is a disease in which the growth and proliferation of cells increase uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body [1] In 2020 in the United States, about 1.8 million new cases of cancer were reported, of which about 606 died [2]
A plausible explanation could be made to account for this effect. This inhibition was made through induction of apoptosis and due to the presence of effective volatile compounds such as terpenoids and non-terpenoids which could be considered as valuable natural sources for the isolation of anti-cancer compounds
Results of cytotoxicity on HFF‐2 cells To investigate the effect of cytotoxicity of F. vulgaris extracts and fractions on non-cancerous cells, MTT assay was performed on normal HFF-2 cell lines
Summary
Cancer is a disease in which the growth and proliferation of cells increase uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body [1] In 2020 in the United States, about 1.8 million new cases of cancer were reported, of which about 606 died [2]. Effective therapies for the prevention and treatment of cancer, including immunotherapy, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, Hosseini et al BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021) 21:294 chemotherapy and surgery, have been reported [3]. Despite extensive research into cancer and the discovery of related treatments, it is still considered a scary disease [4]. Falcaria vulgaris Bernh among the most important member of Apiaceae family has been used for medical investigation in Iran and some regions in the world. This plant possesses a range of coumarin and flavonoids compounds that have many therapeutic properties such as gastrointestinal and liver diseases, skin ulcers, gastric ulcers, and intestinal inflammation. It has been found that these compounds lead to cytotoxic effects
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