Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial properties of Calotropis procera against bacterial phytopathogens

Abstract

Calotropis procera, is known as crown flower or giant milkweed and belongs to the family Asclepiadacea. It has been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. In the present study, the phytochemical analysis, antioxidant property, and antimicrobial activity of C. procera were evaluated. Methanol was used as a solvent for the extract preparation using soxhlet extraction. The extracts were subjected to the analysis of the different secondary bioactive metabolites. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of these extracts were determined against various pathogens. The qualitative analysis of plant extracts of leaves stems, and roots showed the presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosidic, protein, phytosterols, steroid, saponin, and flavonoid compounds. The leaf extract of C. procera plants inhibited 95% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) activity at 0.8 mg/mL Methanol extract of C. procera showed the maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities against the tested plant pathogen of bacterial and fungal strains. This research explored the various phytochemicals, including carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, steroid, saponins, amino acids, phenols, and flavonoids, present in the stem, leave, root, and flower of the indigenous C. procera plant. The study gave a systematic base for the isolation of the novel bioactive phytochemicals with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities from the Calotropis species of Balochistan