Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of &lt;em&gt;Khaya senegalensis&lt;/em&gt; bark extracts on&lt;em&gt; Bacillus subtilis,&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Proteus mirabilis&lt;/em&gt;

Abdullahi Aliyu,Yahaya Ms,Gugong V,Daneji Ai,Garba A,Sa‘Adatu I,Adeleye Sa,Alkali Br,Gashua Mm

doi:10.5138/09750185.1784

Abstract

The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the bark of Khaya senegalensis were screened for their phytochemical constituents and preliminary antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant on the tested organisms was determined using multiple tubes method.Alkaloids, anthraquinones, glycosides, tannins and steroids were detected in both extracts.The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the plant showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli, with the aqueous extracts having more activity than those of ethanol. However the growth of P. mirabilis was not inhibited by either of the extracts. The MIC value was determined to be 50 mg/ml for B. subtilis and E. coli. The results are suggestive of considerable antibacterial activity of K. senegalensis and may justify its use in the treatment of bacterial diseases by herbalists or traditional healers.

Highlights

Pungent smelling of swine buildings has been attributed to incomplete degradation of carbohydrate, protein, and lipids in swine faeces [1]
Standard citral was obtained from Sigma chemical and the purity was higher than 95%
Studies on essential oils of C. citratus showed the presence of high amount of citral (3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6octadienal) which is composed of citral A and citral B [15, 21]

Summary

Introduction

Pungent smelling of swine buildings has been attributed to incomplete degradation of carbohydrate, protein, and lipids in swine faeces [1]. As a result of various disadvantages from the aforementioned methods, biological additives have been used to control the odor in swine buildings Some of these additives include essential oils [2], microbial additives [3,4], and soybean oil [5,6,7]. These additives are less effective for odor reduction as compared with the biofiltration and chemical method, its low cost and relatively nontoxic nature to the animals makes them preferable [8]. Studies on its essential oils showed that it has antibacterial [10], antifungal [11,12] and anti-malarial activities [13].Volatile oil from the leaves of C. citratus is widely used by cosmetics and other chemical industries[14]

Methods

Findings

Discussion

Conclusion