Abstract
Small water bodies, until recently considered as wasteland, are an essential element of the so-called small water retention. Their main use can vary significantly, but they always play a positive role by increasing water resources and enhancing the natural values of the landscape. Moreover, by increasing bio- diversity thanks to plants forming habitats for many species of flora and fauna, small water bodies act as a biofilter, improving water quality. But these small reservoirs belong to the groups of waters that are most exposed to damage, especially within the catchment area. Because of the invaluable role of small farmland water bodies, a study was undertaken to investigate their phytocenotic structure. In addition, an attempt was made to assess the level of threats and to indicate their role in the development of habitat conditions. The investigated reservoir was created in 2007. Before that time, it functioned as a part of the Zemborzycki reservoir, as they were close to each other. Almost the entire surrounding of this small reservoir consisted of farmland. In 2011 a revitalization project was carried out in the reservoir. Plants typical for wetland habitats were mainly introduced, while synanthropic vegetation was removed. Based on chemical and physical analyses, it can be concluded that the investigated reservoir serves as a natural biofilter thanks to the qualitative and quantitative changes in the structure of macrophytes. After the revitalization project, the investigated pond gained new aesthetic and ecological qualities.
Highlights
Water in the natural environment, including agriculture, fulfills several important functions
The water reservoir studied was characterized by the highest values of temperature, which resulted from morphological determinants; it heated up very quickly under the influence of solar radiation (Table 2)
Revitalization projects are focused on the recovery of degraded and damaged areas
Summary
Water in the natural environment, including agriculture, fulfills several important functions. It shapes the biodiversity and is an essential factor in preserving natural values, while on the other hand it determines potential crops and the level of economic development. The fulfillment of the conditions for sustainable development of agriculture requires, among others, complex water management within a small catchment. In these efforts, water has a leading role as a factor influencing the biological diversity and ecological balance. The role of agriculture in water management and in the natural environment increases with its intensification. The main sources of pollution from agriculture are mineral and organic fertilizers as well as leaks from septic tanks. Large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus enter the groundwater [1]
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