Abstract
Understanding the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of Carbendazim (MBC) bound residues (BR) in soils incubated with different Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) amendment on succeeding crops is essential to assess their environmental fate and risks. In our research, we studied the morphological characteristics and 14C-accumulation of Chinese cabbage and released BR in three typical cultivated soils. The plant dry weight was in order of superabsorbent-hydrogels formulations (HMBC) > MBC > MBC and SAP (MBC-SAP) at 35 d in basic soil 3 (S3), with 675.40 ± 29.07 mg/plant.d.w, 575.93 ± 25.35 mg/plant.d.w and 427.86 ± 18.79 mg/plant.d.w. The whole plant accumulated 2-fold more BR when grew in neutral soil 2 (S2) treated with SAP than MBC at 7 d. The root accumulated a greater proportion of 14C-MBC residue than shoot, with order of MBC-SAP > MBC > HMBC at 21d. The results indicate MBC-BR could be released and accumulated in plant. HMBC promoted the Chinese cabbage growth with lowest 14C accumulation, while MBC-SAP inhibited plant growth with the highest 14C uptake. The released BR rate was 61.43 ± 3.75% of initial BR in MBC-SAP, with 2-fold higher than MBC and HMBC. It is assumed HMBC could be a potential environmentally friendly measure for rational use of pesticides in future.
Highlights
Pesticides are ubiquitous chemicals in the environment, and are usually used to control crop disease and maintain the products
Yang et al found that when Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) coexisted with pesticides in soil, the bound residue (BR) of MBC was increased when soil spiked with MBC and SAP (MBC-SAP), and decreased in term of superabsorbent hydrogels (SHs) formulations (HMBC)[12,13]
Significant difference was observed in the growth of cabbage between three tested soils, indicating cabbage growth may be closely related with soil property and microbes
Summary
Pesticides are ubiquitous chemicals in the environment, and are usually used to control crop disease and maintain the products. The potential release, bioaccumulation and phytotoxicity of the BR to succeeding non-target organism are always important topics for understanding the environment and human food safety impact of pesticides. The potential for the release and subsequent availability and phytotoxic effects of BR when pesticides coexist with SAP or encapsulate as new formulations remain poorly understood, especially for the succeeding crops and food contamination in agriculture production. The bioaccumulation of pesticides amended with SAP or SHs-formulations in plants, especially crops, can cause potential risks in the food chain and human health. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the plant availability and phytotoxicity of MBC-BR after the amendment with SAP to Chinese cabbage seedlings. We detected the BR release rate, extractable residue and bound residue in soil after the Chinese cabbage cultivation to demonstrate the soil safety
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