Abstract
Abstract The invasion of fish/seafoods by zoonotic pathogens causes health threats to humans. Plant derivatives and phytosynthesized nanometals could promisingly overcome bacterial infections/contaminations. The extract of pomegranate rinds (PRE) was innovatively employed for biosynthesizing selenium nanorods (Se-NRs). These agents were assessed as antibacterial candidates against diverse fish-borne pathogenic species (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis). The PRE-synthesized Se-NRs, within 60 min of contact, were negatively charged (‒32 mV) and had mean diameter of 62.31 nm and length range of 443.5–1236.9 nm. The designated infrared spectra for PRE and PRE/Se-NRs composite validated the biosynthesis, bonding, and interactions of the nanocomposite. The antibacterial potentialities of PRE, phytosynthesized Se-NRs, and PRE/Se-NRs composite was confirmed toward the entire challenged pathogens; S. aureus had the highest resistance (with inhibitory concentrations of 72.5, 60.0, and 55.0 mg/L, respectively) and S. paucimobilis was the most sensitive (with inhibitory concentrations of 55.0, 45.0, and 42.5 mg/L, respectively). The ultrastructure of the treated S. paucimobilis with PRE/Se-NRs emphasized the composite potentiality for deforming/distorting cells within 4 h and causing full cells’ destruction and deformation within 8 h of exposure. The PRE-phytosynthesized Se-NRs are advocated as potent antibacterial products against fish-borne pathogens for decontaminating fisheries farms and products.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is the fast-growing discipline of science and technology, which targets the production, characterization, and applications of novel materials in nanoforms, e.g., with particles’ diameter in nanometer scale [1]
The biosynthesis of Se-nanorods (Se-NRs) using pomegranate rinds (PRE) and their characterization were investigated in the present study; the antibacterial actions of biosynthesized nano-Se with PRE were elucidated toward various fishborne bacterial pathogens
Gradual concentrations of PRE, Se-NRs, or PRE/Se-NRs composite (10–100 μg/mL) in NB were prepared in microtiter plates (96 well) and each well was inoculated with ∼2 × 106 cells/mL of each individual pathogen
Summary
Nanotechnology is the fast-growing discipline of science and technology, which targets the production, characterization, and applications of novel materials in nanoforms, e.g., with particles’ diameter in nanometer scale [1]. The phytosynthesis of nano-Se was reported to augment their particles’ stability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity as antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant agents. The high capabilities of PRE for reducing/stabilizing various nanometals (e.g., silver, zinc, and gold) were reported. These potentialities are attributed to PRE’s reducing powers and augment the bioactivities of synthesized nanometals with the extract [19,24,25,26]. Human–fishes interaction/contact and consumption could trigger risks from numerous zoonotic bacterial infections [28]. These bacteria were designated as fish-borne bacterial zoonoses based on phenotypic and epidemiological substantiations [29]. The biosynthesis of Se-nanorods (Se-NRs) using PRE and their characterization were investigated in the present study; the antibacterial actions of biosynthesized nano-Se with PRE were elucidated toward various fishborne bacterial pathogens
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