Abstract
Organic phosphorus is poorly utilized by monogastric animals because they lack phytase, the enzyme that cleaves the ortho-phosphate groups from the phytate molecule. Diets fed to pigs are supplemented with inorganic P, and this can increase environmental pollution and diet costs. Sixty mixed sex, half-breed pigs, were used to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary levels of phytase (253, 759, 1265 and 1748 PU kg-1 feed) on animal performance as compared to a control without phytase but supplemented with dicalcium phosphate. Enzyme levels did not affect daily feed intake, food conversion, average daily weight gain, plasma P and Ca, calcium and phosphorus in bone ash, and the calcium/phosphorus ratio in the plasma and bones. A quadratic relationship between phytase levels and the percentages of P and Ca in bone ash was observed, reaching a maximum at the 880 and 879 PU levels, respectively. Animals fed diets containing phytase presented low plasma P values when compared to the control, but no effects were observed for the regression analysis. Using 759 PU phytase in rations containing corn, soybean bran and defatted rice bran for growing pigs can eliminate the use of traditional sources of P.
Highlights
Cereals ordinarily used in swine feeds have adequate contents of total phosphorus: 0.20% for corn, 0.59% for soybean bran, 0.94% for wheat bran, 1.61% for whole rice bran (Rostagno et al, 2000) and 2.13% for defatted rice bran (EMBRAPA, 1991)
The use of low phytase enzyme levels added to swine feedstuffs containing corn, soybean bran and defatted rice bran is feasible from a metabolic standpoint
Treatments consisted of a standard feed containing corn, soybean bran, defatted rice bran (DRB) and vitamin and mineral mix; the control diet was supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, with no phytase enzyme and with 0.27% of available phosphorus
Summary
Cereals ordinarily used in swine feeds have adequate contents of total phosphorus: 0.20% for corn, 0.59% for soybean bran, 0.94% for wheat bran, 1.61% for whole rice bran (Rostagno et al, 2000) and 2.13% for defatted rice bran (EMBRAPA, 1991). The use of low phytase enzyme levels added to swine feedstuffs containing corn, soybean bran and defatted rice bran is feasible from a metabolic standpoint.
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