Phytase as an alleviator of high-temperature stress in broilers fed adequate and low dietary calcium

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of phytase and dietary Ca level on performance, phytate (inositol hexa-phosphate, IP6) concentration, and anti-oxidant enzyme activity in broilers exposed to cycling high environmental temperatures. A total of 2,970 day-old Cobb 400 male broilers were randomly allocated among 6 treatments, with 15 replicate pens, and 33 birds per pen. Corn-soy diets low in available phosphorus (avP, 0.15% matrix applied) were fed in 2 phases; starter (0 to 21 d) and grower (22 to 42 d). Diets were factorially arranged by 2 × 3, with adequate (0.90% starter, 0.80% grower) or low (0.60% starter, 0.50% grower) dietary Ca and phytase (0, 500, or 3,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg). Temperature was not regulated, but followed environmental changes determined by the summer season in India; 22 to 39°C in the morning and 23 to 40°C at night. At 42 d of age, supplementing either dose of phytase increased (P < 0.001) weight gain (+128 g) and feed intake (+194 g) of birds, while only 3,000 FTU/kg phytase lowered (P < 0.01) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control. Birds fed low Ca diets had poorer (P < 0.01) weight gain (-33 g) and FCR (+0.04) than birds fed adequate Ca levels, suggesting that Ca was limiting in these diets. Phytase and low dietary Ca reduced the concentration of IP esters in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. Lower IP6, IP5, IP4, and IP3 concentrations and increased myo-inositol provision was positively correlated to anti-oxidant enzyme activity in tissues. These results indicate that phytase can be used to alleviate the negative performance traits accredited to broilers under high temperature stress, potentially by reducing the anti-nutritive effect of IP6 and improving anti-oxidant status of birds. However, caution should be taken when reducing dietary Ca levels as improvements in IP6 degradation and anti-oxidant status cannot overcome the constraints on growth by diets that do not meet the Ca requirements.