Physiology and production of sesame genotypes BRS-Seda and Preto under organomineral fertilization

Saint-Clear S E Santos,Josely D Fernandes,Messias F De Queiroz,Pedro D Fernandes,Victor H De A Ribeiro,Nair H C Arriel

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n12p914-918

Abstract

ABSTRACT Sesame is an oilseed that has low demand of water; it is widely grown in tropical regions, but few studies had been conducted on its mineral nutrition. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological and production variables of two sesame genotypes (BRS-Seda and Preto) varying the organomineral fertilizer doses, via fertigation. The genotypes were grown under field conditions during the 2014/2015 dry season, in an agricultural area in Lagoa Seca, PB, Brazil. The two genotypes were subjected to five doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120% of the nutritional requirement of the crop) of an organomineral fertilizer based on sugarcane vinasse, and to an additional treatment consisting of mineral fertilizer (100% of the crop requirement). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a (2 x 5 + 2) factorial arrangement, with 12 treatments and 4 repetitions, totaling 48 plots. Among the physiological variables evaluated, only internal CO2 concentration was affected by the organomineral fertilizer doses. The number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, seed weight per plant, and 1000 seed weight of both cultivars were favored by the organomineral fertilization. The organomineral fertilizer dose of 120% provided better results for the two sesame genotypes than those found with the mineral fertilization.

Highlights

Sesamum indicum L. is one of the main oleaginous plants grown worldwide and one of the first species domesticated by humans; the main product of this species is the seeds, which present high nutritional value as human food and medicinal properties (Queiroga et al, 2009; Asl, 2017)
Sesame is an oilseed that has low demand of water; it is widely grown in tropical regions, but few studies had been conducted on its mineral nutrition
Among the physiological variables evaluated, only internal CO2 concentration was affected by the organomineral fertilizer doses

Summary

Introduction

Sesamum indicum L. is one of the main oleaginous plants grown worldwide and one of the first species domesticated by humans; the main product of this species is the seeds, which present high nutritional value as human food and medicinal properties (Queiroga et al, 2009; Asl, 2017). Sesame production is lower than most oilseeds, it has great potential and can be grown by small and medium producers, since it requires simple agricultural practices (Grilo Júnior & Azevedo, 2013; Asl, 2017). Agricultural productions present limitations in the semiarid region of the Brazilian Northeast due to physicalenvironmental peculiarities of this region, such as high evapotranspiration and low soil fertility (Conti, 2005). Efforts have been directed to the creation and adaptation of technologies that promote increases in crop productivity indexes, focused on the advancement of knowledge in this field, mainly in the Brazilian Northeast region due to its climatic limitations (Beltrão et al, 2013; Grilo Júnior & Azevedo, 2013) Organomineral fertilizers can activate the soil microbiota, accelerate decomposition and humification of dry matter, and improve the soil physical structure by increasing aeration and water retention capacity (Elkholy et al, 2005; Asl, 2017).

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Conclusion