Physiology and pharmacology of hard tissues--effect of chemicals on the formation and the resorption mechanism of tooth and bone

Abstract

This review described the effects of several drugs on the formation and the resorption mechanism of tooth and bone. The enamel formed during high fluoride exposure showed marked hypocalcification, and the organic substances appeared on the incisors in these regions. Such changes following fluoride administration appear to indicate an inhibition of the mineral deposition and/or an inhibition of organic matrix withdrawal. The successive bisphosphonate (HEBP) injections reduced both the progress of the mineral deposition and the formation of the enamel matrix. Colchicine showed a remarkable inhibitory effect on the matrix-forming cells of the dentin and enamel in teeth through its striking inhibitory action on the cytoskeletal system and secretary function. The dentin formation in rabbit and rat incisor dentin was reduced markedly. Colchicine induced reparative dentinogenesis in dental pulp and ectopic calcification in the bone marrow. Both sodium salicylate and aspirin reduced dentin formation through a mechanism that reduces the incorporation of collagen precursors into odontoblasts. Sodium salicylate also inhibited the growth of the upper jaw and tibia in rats. The recruitment of osteoclast-like multinucleated cells was inhibited by sodium salicylate in vitro. A pharmacological approach for studying the formation and resorption mechanism of hard tissue is useful tool for developing hard tissue research.