Abstract
The respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a life threatening complication of preterm birth. RDS is mainly caused by the immaturity of the preterm lung with respect to surfactant. The surfactant deficiency induces a cascade that results in lung failure and further surfactant inactivation by proteinaceous exsudates from the injured lung. Therapeutic options are the prevention of surfactant deficiency by antepartal administration of maternal corticosteroid therapy inducing lung maturation in the fetus, surfactant replacement therapy in the preterm infant as early as reasonably possible or ventilatory support with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). New therapeutic approaches in surfactant therapy aim at preventing the endotracheal intubation. New experimental surfactant preparations will be more resistant to inactivation by proteins or meconium.
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