Physiological responses of the xero‐halophyte Salsola drummondii to seasonal alterations of environmental conditions in a salt desert

Abstract

AbstractGlobal climate changes of rising temperature are threatening food security by causing desertification in many arid and semi‐arid regions. Morpho‐physiological adaptations in xero‐halophytes under extreme conditions such as high temperature, drought, and salinity could provide information for producing more resilient cash crops. This study examined seasonal variations in growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, water, and ion relations of the xero‐halophyte Salsola drummondii in its natural habitat. The resistance of Sa. drummondii to seasonal alterations was related to plant interactions with soil and atmosphere. Leaf succulence, organic weight, photosynthesis, water use efficiency, compatible solutes, and antioxidant enzyme activities correlated well with precipitation, soil moisture, and electrical conductivity. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance increased during the monsoon period with low vapor pressure deficit and moderate temperature. Sa. drummondii responded to reduced water availability by decreasing leaf succulence, xylem pressure, and osmotic potentials like a typical C4 plant displaying water and energy‐saving seasonal adjustment. C4 mode of photosynthesis, higher antioxidant enzyme activities, and accumulation of compatible solutes could be involved in protection against photo‐oxidative stress. This study highlights the importance of physiological and biochemical adaptations of Sa. drummondii to seasonal alterations in a salt desert and could serve as a model for future crop development in arid‐saline habitats.