Abstract
ABSTRACT The use of organo-mineral fertilizer is an alternative measure to mitigate salt stress in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological indexes of peanut crops under irrigations with fresh and brackish waters and applications of organo-mineral fertilizers. The experiment was conducted from June to September, 2019, at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), in Redenção, state of Ceará, Brazil, using a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five soil fertilizers (F1= 100% NPK mineral fertilizer at the recommended rate; F2= 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; F3= 100% plant ash; F4= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; and F5= 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% plant ash); and two salinity levels (electrical conductivities) of the irrigation water (1.0 and 5.0 dS m-1). Photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll index of the plants were evaluated at 40 and 54 days after sowing (DAS). Plants irrigated with fresh water presented higher stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration, regardless of the fertilizer used. The use of 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer resulted in decreases in salt stress and increases in water use efficiency at 40 DAS, and decreases in leaf temperature and increases in relative chlorophyll content at 54 DAS.
Highlights
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae) is one of the main crops in Brazil and in other parts of the world, whose grains are consumed fresh or as processed products
The use of brackish water in agriculture is an important alternative to fresh water due to the scarcity of this natural resource in some regions; the frequent use of these waters combined with arid climate conditions increases salt accumulation on the soil surface (MINHAS et al, 2020; RODRIGUES et al, 2020)
The treatments consisted of five different soil fertilizers (F1 = 100% NPK mineral fertilizer at the recommended rate; F2 = 100% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; F3 = 100% plant ash; F4 = 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% bovine manure-based biofertilizer; and F5 = 50% mineral fertilizer and 50% plant ash); and two salinity levels of the irrigation water (1.0 and 5.0 dS m-1)
Summary
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae) is one of the main crops in Brazil and in other parts of the world, whose grains are consumed fresh or as processed products These grains are an important source of plant protein and edible oil, which increases the economic interest for this crop (BARBOSA; HOMEM; TARSITANO, 2014). The interaction between salts and mineral and organic fertilizers is complex due to interactions of salts in the irrigation water and the different sources and concentrations of soil chemical and organic fertilizers. When this agricultural practice is used adequately, it assists in increasing plant growth and yield (SOUZA et al, 2018; SOUSA et al, 2018)
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