Abstract
Ethylene induced actions during fruit ripening have been found to be inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and possibly its analogues by competing for the sites of binding on the ethylene receptor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with 1-PentCP or 1-OCP, two structural analogues of 1-MCP, on inhibiting ethylene action in banana (Musa sapientum L.) fruit. The banana fruit after being fumigated for 20 h at 20±2°C with 0 (control), 0.4, 0.8 or 1.2 μl l-1 of 1-MCP, 1-PentCP or 1-OCP were stored in air environment at 20±2°C for ripening assessment. Ethylene production, color change, firmness, ACS activity, ACO activity and ACC content of the fruits were measured every 5 days during storage. The results of our study showed that these two structural analogues, just as 1-MCP, exerted their effect in a concentration-depended manner. 1-OCP was found to inhibit ethylene-induced ripening of banana fruit at a low concentration relatively. Treatment for 20 h with 0.8 μl l-1 1-OCP or 1.2 μl l-1 1-PentCP all delayed ethylene climacteric peak of banana fruit by 10 days as compared with the untreated group, after which the banana fruit resumed normal ripening. Softening and color change of banana fruit was restrained by the two structural analogues. Increasing the concentration of 1-PentCP to 1.2 μl l-1 caused a marked delay in softening and color change, but increasing the concentration of 1-OCP to 1.2 μl l-1 or higher did not result in a further delay in softening and color change. The results indicated that treatment with 0.8 μl l-1 1-OCP is sufficient to exert maximal delay of banana fruit ripening. Treatment with the most effective concentration of 1-OCP or 1-PentCP delayed ACC content, ACS activity and ACO activity of banana fruit as compared with the untreated group, but less effective than 1.2 μl l-1 1-MCP. It is suggested that 1-OCP was found to be a more potent inhibitor of banana fruit ripening than 1-PentCP, but less potent than the mother compound 1-MCP. The two structural analogues are beneficial to fruit storage and enhance the fruit resistance to decay that can be promised to be applied in agricultural practice.
Highlights
Ripening and senescence of climacteric fruits are accompanied by autocatalytic increases in ethylene production and in respiration rate in the fruits [1,2]
To some extent, treatment with 1-MCP, 1-PentCP and 1-OCP for 20 h at 20 ± 2°C markedly delayed ethylene-induced ripening of banana fruit in a concentration dependent manner
The shelf life of climacteric fruits is shortened by both endogenous and exogenous ethylene action [27,28]. 1-MCP is considered to be an effective ethylene inhibitor which can prevent ripening by irreversibly occupying the site of binding at the ethylene receptor level [12,29]
Summary
Ripening and senescence of climacteric fruits are accompanied by autocatalytic increases in ethylene production and in respiration rate in the fruits [1,2]. Exogenous ethylene can induce some ripening-related changes. Ethylene effect can be inhibited by either inhibitors of ethylene production or inhibitors of ethylene action. Inhibitors of ethylene production, such as aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). That is an inhibitor of ACC synthase, can inhibit the production of ethylene [5,6]. Inhibitors of ethylene action bind to the receptor of ethylene and thereby restrain ethylene effect. Inhibitors of ethylene action are considered effective for agriculture use since they protect the fruits and vegetables from both endogenous and exogenous ethylene. The heavy metal silver (silver thiosulfate) is an efficient inhibitor of ethylene action, but its toxicity limits its use [8,9]. The use of 2, 5-norbornadiene, an excellent means for controlling ethylene
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