Abstract
BackgroundFlooding due to global climate change is a serious problem that frequently decreases crop yields. Rice fields in flood-prone areas often experience full or partial submergence. Submergence has an adverse effect on internal oxygen availability, sugar status and survival. Complete submergence imposes severe pressure on plants, principally because the excess water in their surroundings deprives them of certain basic resources such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and light for photosynthesis. To better understand the mechanisms involved under different levels of flooding, it is necessary to further observe physiological responses and to identify the Rboh genes involved and determine how they are regulated during submergence.ResultsIn this study, significant physiological changes were observed in plant height, leaf sheath elongation and chlorophyll a, b and total content under partial and full submergence treatments. Senescence-regulating genes were severely affected under full submergence. Additionally, intracellular oxidative homeostasis was disrupted by overproduction of H2O2 and O2−, which affected cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activity, under different levels of submergence. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that complex regulation of Rboh genes is involved under different levels of submergence.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that the effect of physiological and the transcript levels of OsRboh genes were presented different responses to different levels of submergence in rice seedlings. There have different mechanism in intracellular to response different levels of submergence. Finally we discuss effects of the regulation of OsRboh expression and ROS production which was important to maintain homeostasis to help rice seedlings face different levels of submergence.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-016-0074-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Flooding due to global climate change is a serious problem that frequently decreases crop yields
There were no significant differences in the lengths of the 1st and 2nd leaf sheaths after partial submergence (PS) or full submergence (FS) treatment compared with the control (Additional file 1: Figure S1)
These results indicated that the plant height increase of rice seedlings during submergence was mainly affected by elongation of the 3rd leaf sheath
Summary
Flooding due to global climate change is a serious problem that frequently decreases crop yields. AtRboh D and AtRboh F are involved in the hypersensitive response and the ABA- and ethylene-induced stomatal response and are associated with a very complicated interaction between the ABA-, ethylene-, JA- and SA-signaling pathways (Desikan et al 2006; Maruta et al 2011). Both ethylene and H2O2 were demonstrated promote aerenchyma formation in rice stems in a dosedependent manner (Steffens et al 2011). The NADPH oxidase Rboh D was found to be involved in primary hypoxia signaling and modulate down-stream gene expression (Yang and Hong 2015)
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