Abstract
Yields of rice (Oryza sativa L.) respond to complex interactions between the genotype and the environment; rice has the particularity of being a semi-aquatic crop, and as a result of this, it presents lower adaptation to the limiting water content of soil and is extremely sensitive to stress from drought; therefore, it is the most important limiting factor in rice production. The objective of this study was to research the physiological response of rice genotypes to water stress. The grain yield and its components, leaf area and transpiration efficiency under irrigation (I) and drought (D) were evaluated in eight advanced lines from the nursery of the Latin American Fund for Irrigated Rice (Fondo Latinoamericano para Arroz de Riego, FLAR) and a control variety of rice. The experiment was established in Campeche, in the 2015 autumn-winter cycle. The grain yield and its components, as well as the leaf area were greater under irrigation conditions than under drought. The transpiration from the water stress was reduced and the plants under drought increased their transpiration efficiency. The genotypes P-V 2006 and P-V 2009 were identified, with genealogies FL05392-3P-12-2P-2P-M and FL08224-3P-2-1P-3P-M, respectively, as the most outstanding compared to the rest of the genotypes in the grain yield and its components, leaf area, total root biomass, and transpiration efficiency.
Highlights
Cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Mexico occupies the fourth place after corn, bean and wheat in terms of surface, production and consumption, and is grown in an approximate area of 42,310 ha with a national average grain yield of 5.8 t·ha−1 [1]
When comparing the result from nine rice genotypes under conditions of irrigation and drought, it was determined that the genotypes presented high genetic variability in grain yield, biomass, harvest index, number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle, and weight of one thousand grains, as well as in days until anthesis, plant height, leaf area, transpiration efficiency and total transpiration, this clearly influenced by the environment, with higher grain yield and its components in irrigation
The variable height is an aspect to consider in the selection of rice materials, in this experiment it was higher in irrigation than in drought and fluctuated between 67 to 87 cm, the height is associated with lodging problems which is why a taller height represents higher risk in the plant’s fall, and what is sought in a material of long and thin grain is a compact height to avoid the loss of the yield from lodging [3] [12]
Summary
Cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Mexico occupies the fourth place after corn, bean and wheat in terms of surface, production and consumption, and is grown in an approximate area of 42,310 ha with a national average grain yield of 5.8 t·ha−1 [1]. Of this surface, 75% is cultivated under conditions of irrigation or permanent flooding during the cycle, with an average yield of 6.4 t·ha−1 and the remaining 25% is cultivated under rainfed conditions with average yields of 3.8 t·ha−1 [1]. The objective of this study was to research the response of eight advanced lines and a control variety of rice (Oryza sativa L.), on grain yield and its components, leaf area, total transpiration and transpiration efficiency under irrigation (I) and drought (D) in a greenhouse, with the aim of selecting high yield materials with tolerance to drought and making recommendations to farmers of the region
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