Abstract
Wheat is a mainstay of Nepalese cuisine, and it is the third most important cereal crop cultivated throughout the nation all through the winter months. The impact of abiotic stress on wheat, such as heat and drought, is discussed in this review article. Drought and heat stress influence biochemical, physiological, and morphological processes in plants, causing a significant reduction in yield and yield attributing characteristics. Drought at CRI reduces yield by 60%, while Heat stress causes about 16 yield loss depending on the severity of the environment. Understanding the physiological and biochemical responses of crops to any unfavorable circumstance is essential for developing mechanisms and techniques for plant tolerance. Drought tolerance is managed by drought escape, drought avoidance and drought traits. Heat stress is also endured by the plant’s anti-oxidative defense mechanism and the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs).
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