Abstract
In this article, we summarize recent advances in understanding hypertension and cardiovascular disease in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Factors such as anemia, valvular and vascular calcification, vasoconstrictors, uremic toxins, hypoglycemia, carbamylated proteins, oxidative stress, and inflammation have all been associated with the progression of cardiovascular disease in end-stage kidney disease but the causality of these mechanisms has not been proven. The high risk of cardiovascular mortality has not improved as in the general population despite many advancements in cardiovascular care over the last two decades. Mechanisms that increase hypertension risk in these patients are centered on the control of extracellular fluid volume; however, over-correction of volume with dialysis can increase risks of intradialytic hypotension and death in these patients. This review presents both recent and classic work that increases our understanding of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in end-stage kidney disease.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
