Physiological maturity of seeds and colorimetry of the fruits of Allophylus edulis [(A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. &amp; Cambess.) Hieron. ex Niederl.

Daiana Karoline Kaiser,Laura Cristiane Nascimento De Freitas,Katia Kabroski Andrioli,Ubirajara Contro Malavasi,Carla Rosane Kosmann,Marlene De Matos Malavasi,João Alexandre Lopes Dranski

doi:10.1590/2317-1545v38n2154590

Physiological maturity of seeds and colorimetry of the fruits of Allophylus edulis [(A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Hieron. ex Niederl.

Daiana Karoline Kaiser, Laura Cristiane Nascimento De Freitas + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v38n2154590

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Abstract

Abstract This study aimed to determine the physiological maturity of A. edulis seeds, check if this is achieved in the same maturation stage, regardless of the collection region and, colorimetry of the fruit can be indicative of the time of harvest. Fruits were harvested in three counties of the western region of Paraná and visually classified into five ripening stages according to the color of the pericarp with the help of a digital colorimeter. Analyzed seed variables included morphological characteristics, germination and vigor. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The maximum dry matter accumulation of seeds was reached when the fruits reached the color orange. With the advance of the ripening process, red color fruits had seeds with lesser moisture content, coinciding with the maximum germination percentage and speed, besides generating seedlings with larger size and biomass accumulation. The green spectrum allowed to discriminate maturity from different places of harvest. A. edulis seeds with physiological maturity should be harvested when fruits present the red color, independent of the harvesting region or, with reflectance values between 28.0 and 49.2 nm in the green range of the color spectrum.

Highlights

The Sapindaceae family consists of 141 genera and 1,900 species (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al, 2011), of which 28 genera and 418 species occur in Brazil
The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine physiological maturity of seeds of A. edulis; (2) to check if the maturity is achieved in the same fruit ripening stage regardless of the harvesting region; (3) to verify if the colorimetry of the fruit can be used to indicate the time of harvest
The seeds diameter fluctuated with the advance of the fruits ripening stages, making it impossible to forecast a default behavior for seeds harvested in different regions

Summary

Introduction

The Sapindaceae family consists of 141 genera and 1,900 species (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al, 2011), of which 28 genera and 418 species occur in Brazil. 12 genera and 65 species occur in the Brazilian state of Paraná (Somner et al, 2015). Allophylus edulis, popularly known as vacum (among several other names), is among the species of this family that have a broad geographic distribution and great importance in Mixed Ombrophilous (Cordeiro and Rodrigues, 2007) and Seasonal Semidecidual forests in the state of Paraná (Gris et al, 2012). The species has an importance value ranging from 3.09% in the Deciduous Seasonal forest to 5.55% in the Mixed Ombrophilous forest (Hack et al, 2005; Cordeiro and Rodrigues, 2007) which justifies the use of its seeds for environmental recovery purposes of these vegetation formations. Knowledge of ripening and the right time for seed harvest of this species have not yet been fully established

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