Abstract
We tested whether physiological doses of hydroxytyrosol (HT) may alter the mRNA transcription of key metabolic genes in exercised skeletal muscle. Two groups of exercise-trained Wistar rats, HTlow and HTmid, were supplemented with 0.31 and 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT, respectively, for 10 weeks. Another two groups of rats were not supplemented with HT; one remained sedentary and the other one was exercised. After the experimental period, the soleus muscle was removed for qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The consumption of 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT during exercise increased the mRNA expression of important metabolic proteins. Specifically, 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT may upregulate long-chain fatty acid oxidation, lactate, and glucose oxidation as well as mitochondrial Krebs cycle in trained skeletal muscle. However, a 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT may alter protein translation, as in spite of the increment showed by CD36 and GLUT4 at the mRNA level this was not translated to higher protein content.
Highlights
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a source of monounsaturated fatty acid widely consumed as part of the Mediterranean diet
Our results suggest that physiological doses of HT potentiate the exercise-induced mRNA expression of key metabolic proteins
The consumption of 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT can boost the mRNA levels of key metabolic proteins induced by exercise
Summary
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a source of monounsaturated fatty acid widely consumed as part of the Mediterranean diet. EVOO supplementation changes the composition of the skeletal muscle mitochondrial membrane by increasing the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids while decreasing polyunsaturated fatty acid content [3] which, surprisingly, increases membrane fluidity [4] This likely explains the fact that EVOO improves mitochondrial resistance against exercise-induced oxidative stress [5]. We have recently reported that lower HT doses (i.e., 0.31 to 4.61 mg/kg/d) alter the activity of the molecular regulators of skeletal muscle glucose uptake in trained rats [15]. Whether this alteration is specific to the glucose metabolism pathway and whether it compromises gene transcription is yet to be determined. We tested whether physiological doses of HT can induce the mRNA expression of key metabolic genes regulating mitochondrial fuel oxidation
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