Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the performance of grapevine rootstocks under increasing levels of Zn in the soil and to identify physiological variables that can be used as indicators of excess of Zn in the soil. The rootstocks SO4, Paulsen1103, IAC572, IAC313 and 420A were grown in pots containing soil, which received Zn doses of 0, 20, 40, 80 or 160 mg kg-1 of soil. Dry matter (DM), Zn content in shoots and roots, chlorophyll index, initial fluorescence (Fo), maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Y-II) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were evaluated. The increase of Zn levels in the soil decreased DM in all rootstocks, and IAC572 was superior to the others. The variation in the indices of chlorophyll a and b had little expression in relation the soil Zn levels, but allowed identifying that the rootstocks Paulsen 1103, 420A and SO4 are sensitive to Zn toxicity and that IAC572 and IAC313 were not sensitive to the tested levels. Fluorescence analysis showed a negative effect of Zn contents on the variables Fo, Fm, Y-II and NPQ in all rootstocks, which proved to be good indicators of Zn phytotoxicity.
Highlights
Grapevines are subjected to successive application of fungicides containing copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the composition, for the prevention and/or control of leaf fungal diseases (Mirlean et al, 2007)
This study aimed to evaluate the productive growth of grapevine rootstocks cultivated under increasing levels of Zn in the soil and identify physiological variables that can be used as indicators of Zn excess in the soil
The negative effect of Zn on dry matter production occurred in both shoots and roots of grapevine rootstocks
Summary
Grapevines are subjected to successive application of fungicides containing copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the composition, for the prevention and/or control of leaf fungal diseases (Mirlean et al, 2007). An increase in Zn contents in vineyard soils is expected, which can cause negative effects on plants. Zn excess mainly affects the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII), restricting the expression of the proteins D1 and D2 (Todeschini et al, 2011). From these effects, cellular alterations occur, such as changes in membrane integrity (Radić et al, 2010) and induction of oxidative stress in root hairs, with increase in the activity of some enzymes related to the antioxidant defense (Ismail & Theodor, 2013)
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