Abstract
A range of biochemical and physiological changes were monitored in Matricaria inodora following field rate applications of ioxynil and bromoxynil. Bromoxynil showed greater phytotoxicity with decreased reducing sugars, amino acids and proteins occurring within 28 days of treatment, when plant death was apparent. After an initial decline these parameters increased as plants appear to recover from ioxynil treatment. CO2 fixation was completely inhibited within 4 days in leaves treated with ioxynil and bromoxynil. Ultrastructural effects of both herbicides were similar with chloroplast swelling, decrease in starch grains and thylakoid disruption prior to cellular destruction. In vitro activity of the herbicides on isolated chloroplasts revealed ioxynil to be slightly more inhibitory than bromoxynil toward electron transport and approximately one hundred times more effective as an uncoupler of PMS cyclic photophosphorylation.
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