PHYSIOLOGICAL AND SANITARY QUALITY OF DESICCATED AND STORED AZUKI BEAN SEEDS

Cássio Jardim Tavares,Juliana De Fátima Sales,Adriano Jakelaitis,Patrícia Cardoso Ferreira,Osvaldo Resende

doi:10.1590/1983-21252016v29n108rc

Cássio Jardim Tavares, Juliana De Fátima Sales + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n108rc

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Journal: Revista Caatinga	Publication Date: Mar 1, 2016
Citations: 8	License type: cc-by

Affiliation: Instituto Federal Goiano

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of using different herbicides as desiccants in pre-harvest and the effects of storage on the physiological and sanitary quality of azuki bean seeds (Vigna angularis Willd). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a split plot scheme, with four replications. Four herbicides were tested: paraquat (400 g a.i. ha-1), glufosinate ammonium (400 g a.i. ha-1), glyphosate (720 g a.i. ha-1), flumioxazin (30 g a.i. ha-1) and a control without herbicide application. In the subplots seed quality was tested in two evaluation periods: at harvest and six months after harvest. Desiccant was applied when the azuki beans were physiologically mature. We assessed the physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds using a vigour and seed health test. The use of glyphosate resulted in a higher incidence of abnormal seedlings and reduced size and weight of the seedlings. With paraquat and flumioxazin the physiological quality was maintained and there was reduced pathogen infestation in the seeds six months after harvest. Storage affected the physiological quality of the azuki bean seeds.

Highlights

Azuki bean is mainly produced in Asia and consumed in China, Japan and Korea
The harvest of the seeds of dry bean crop should ideally be performed immediately after physiological maturity, when the seeds have high vigour, a high germination rate and maximum dry matter accumulation (GUIMARÃES et al, 2012). At this stage the seed has a high water content as do the green leaves and branches that remain on the plant. This condition reduce the efficiency of mechanized harvesting and causes damage to seeds (COELHO et al, 2012)
The desiccant herbicideswere a significant factor for electrical conductivity, abnormal seedlings and percentage of normal seedlings in the germination test and the time of evaluation was significant for electrical conductivity, length, root dry mass, abnormal seedlings and percentage of normal seedlings in the germination test (Tables 2 and 3)

Summary

Introduction

In Brazil, there are no exact statistics on the number of producers, the size of the harvest or the area cultivated with azuki beans They are consumed mainly in the Japanese colonies, especially in the form of sweets and in numerous oriental delicacies. The harvest of the seeds of dry bean crop should ideally be performed immediately after physiological maturity, when the seeds have high vigour, a high germination rate and maximum dry matter accumulation (GUIMARÃES et al, 2012). At this stage the seed has a high water content as do the green leaves and branches that remain on the plant. This condition reduce the efficiency of mechanized harvesting and causes damage to seeds (COELHO et al, 2012)

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