Physiological and Proteomic Analyses of Two Acanthus Species to Tidal Flooding Stress.

Yi-Ling Liu,Hai-Lei Zheng

doi:10.3390/ijms22031055

Abstract

The mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius and its relative, Acanthus mollis, have been previously proved to possess diverse pharmacological effects. Therefore, evaluating the differentially expressed proteins of these species under tidal flooding stress is essential to fully exploit and benefit from their medicinal values. The roots of A. ilicifolius and A. mollis were exposed to 6 h of flooding stress per day for 10 days. The dry weight, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, anatomical characteristics, carbon and energy levels, and two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS technology were used to reveal the divergent flooding resistant strategies. A. ilicifolius performed better under tidal flooding stress, which was reflected in the integrity of the morphological structure, more efficient use of carbon and energy, and a higher percentage of up-regulated proteins associated with carbon and energy metabolism. A. mollis could not survive in flooding conditions for a long time, as revealed by disrupting cell structures of the roots, less efficient use of carbon and energy, and a higher percentage of down-regulated proteins associated with carbon and energy metabolism. Energy provision and flux balance played a role in the flooding tolerance of A. ilicifolius and A. mollis.

Highlights

College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; Abstract: The mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius and its relative, Acanthus mollis, have been previously proved to possess diverse pharmacological effects
The relative dry weight of A. ilicifolius had no change in both the leaf and root tissues (Figure 1A)
The relative H2 O2 content was significantly decreased on the tenth day in A. ilicifolius leaves and showed no significant differences from day four to 12 in A. ilicifolius roots (Figure 1C)

Summary

Introduction

College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; Abstract: The mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius and its relative, Acanthus mollis, have been previously proved to possess diverse pharmacological effects. The roots of A. ilicifolius and A. mollis were exposed to 6 h of flooding stress per day for 10 days. A. ilicifolius performed better under tidal flooding stress, which was reflected in the integrity of the morphological structure, more efficient use of carbon and energy, and a higher percentage of up-regulated proteins associated with carbon and energy metabolism. A. mollis could not survive in flooding conditions for a long time, as revealed by disrupting cell structures of the roots, less efficient use of carbon and energy, and a higher percentage of down-regulated proteins associated with carbon and energy metabolism. The roots that are subjected to flooding stress may inhibit photosynthesis, including a decrease of photosynthetic electron transport chain and an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [3]. Maize develops an extensive aerenchyma system to facilitate gas transport apart from adventitious roots [6]

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Discussion

Conclusion