Abstract
Drought differs from other natural disasters in several respects, largely because of the complexity of a crop’s response to it and also because we have the least understanding of a crop’s inductive mechanism for addressing drought tolerance among all abiotic stressors. Overall, the growth and productivity of crops at a global level is now thought to be an issue that is more severe and arises more frequently due to climatic change-induced drought stress. Among the major crops, rice is a frontline staple cereal crop of the developing world and is critical to sustaining populations on a daily basis. Worldwide, studies have reported a reduction in rice productivity over the years as a consequence of drought. Plants are evolutionarily primed to withstand a substantial number of environmental cues by undergoing a wide range of changes at the molecular level, involving gene, protein and metabolite interactions to protect the growing plant. Currently, an in-depth, precise and systemic understanding of fundamental biological and cellular mechanisms activated by crop plants during stress is accomplished by an umbrella of -omics technologies, such as transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics. This combination of multi-omics approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of cellular dynamics during drought or other stress conditions in comparison to a single -omics approach. Thus a greater need to utilize information (big-omics data) from various molecular pathways to develop drought-resilient crop varieties for cultivation in ever-changing climatic conditions. This review article is focused on assembling current peer-reviewed published knowledge on the use of multi-omics approaches toward expediting the development of drought-tolerant rice plants for sustainable rice production and realizing global food security.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the topmost grain consumed as a staple food by humans worldwide, most prominently in Asian countries (Asia, 2021; Samal et al, 2021)
The mechanism of drought tolerance is an important quantitative trait that is accompanied by several phenotypic adjustments and adaptations
A large number of stressors are supposed to be tolerated by crop plants, such as high temperatures, high irradiance, toxicities, and nutrient deficiencies due to the induction of drought stress
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the topmost grain consumed as a staple food by humans worldwide, most prominently in Asian countries (Asia, 2021; Samal et al, 2021). Conventional cultural practices in rice require a season-long flooding, but in today’s circumstances, it is unsustainable, and there is competition for the utilization of surface water (rivers, etc.) with increased urbanization; low underground water availability due to the continually declining water tables of aquifers is becoming common All these combinations have increased a strong need for understanding and increasing drought tolerance in rice crop. A reduction in growth is reported to be induced by the inhibition of cell elongation, cell expansion and impairment in mitosis (Potopova et al, 2016) Against these consequences, plants respond at the morphological, physiological and molecular levels.
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