Abstract
Previous studies have reported that low temperature (LT) constrains plant growth and restricts productivity in temperate regions. However, the underlying mechanisms are complex and not well understood. Over the past ten years, research on the process of adaptation and tolerance of plants during cold stress has been carried out. In molecular terms, researchers prioritize research into the field of the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway which is believed to be the important key to the cold acclimation process. Inducer of CBF Expression (ICE) is a pioneer of cold acclimation and plays a central role in C-repeat binding (CBF) cold induction. CBFs activate the expression of COR genes via binding to cis-elements in the promoter of COR genes. An ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway activates the appropriate expression of downstream genes, which encodes osmoregulation substances. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of cold stress tolerance in plants from molecular and physiological perspectives and other factors, such as hormones, light, and circadian clock. Understanding the process of cold stress tolerance and the genes involved in the signaling network for cold stress is essential for improving plants, especially crops.
Highlights
Drought, salinity, and low temperature (LT) are the main abiotic stress factors that have strong impacts on plant growth and development [1]
Temperate plants have the ability to tolerate freezing temperatures following a period of exposure to non-freezing temperatures, which is termed as cold acclimation [8]
In banana and Zoysia japonica, MaPIPI2.7 and ZjICE1 improved multilevel stresses, such as cold, salt, and drought stress [17]. These results show that every gene has a different mechanism in different plants to achieve abiotic or biotic stress tolerance
Summary
Salinity, and low temperature (LT) are the main abiotic stress factors that have strong impacts on plant growth and development [1]. Temperate plants are tolerant to seasonal changes in temperature and can tolerate cold stress during early spring and winter. Many important crops, such as rice, corn, soybean, potato, cotton, and tomato, are chilling sensitive and incapable of cold acclimation. In banana and Zoysia japonica, MaPIPI2.7 and ZjICE1 improved multilevel stresses, such as cold, salt, and drought stress [17] These results show that every gene has a different mechanism in different plants to achieve abiotic or biotic stress tolerance. Due to these differences of signal transduction pathways and metabolisms, the mechanisms related to cold stress are complex [18]. We aim to give a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about plant under LT stress
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