Abstract
AbstractClosely related species of fish often exhibit different migration patterns. Even within species, anadromous and resident populations can be found in a diverse number of taxa. Although several environmental factors that regulate behavioral and physiological changes associated with fish migration have been identified, the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation in the ability to respond to these environmental cues in fishes that show different migratory behaviors are not well known. The three-spined sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatus(Linnaeus 1758) is a good model system for elucidation of the genetic basis for variation in migratory behaviors and other physiological changes associated with migration. First, the three-spined stickleback exhibits great inter-population variation in migration patterns. Second, genetic and genomic tools are now available for studying this species. In the present study, variation in the migration patterns amongG. aculeatuspopulations and the recent progress in our understanding of the genetic and physiological basis for variation in traits important forG. aculeatusmigration are reviewed.
Highlights
Fishes exhibit great diversity in their migration patterns (McKeown 1984; McDowall 1988; Dodson 1997; Hendry and Stearns 2004)
Several environmental factors that regulate behavioral and physiological changes associated with fish migration have been identified, the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation in the ability to respond to these environmental cues in fishes that show different migratory behaviors are not well known
The three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus (Linnaeus 1758) is a good model system for elucidation of the genetic basis for variation in migratory behaviors and other physiological changes associated with migration
Summary
Fishes exhibit great diversity in their migration patterns (McKeown 1984; McDowall 1988; Dodson 1997; Hendry and Stearns 2004). Compared to the theoretical and ecological studies on the driving forces of diverse migratory behaviors (Gross 1985, 1997; Dodson 1997; Hendry and Stearns 2004), surprisingly little is known about the genetic mechanisms underlying variation in migratory behaviors. Been observed among closely related species of several taxa, including Oncorhynchus (Hoar et al 1957; Houston 1957; Hoar 1958; Taylor and McPhail 1985; Hutchinson and Iwata 1997) and Gasterosteidae (Audet et al 1985) These behavioral traits are usually regulated by environmental factors, such as photoperiod and temperature, internal factors, such as hormones, and their interactions (McKeown 1984; Iwata 1995; McCormick 2001; Ramenofsky and Wingfield 2007). This study reviews variation in migratory behaviors among and within G. aculeatus populations and recent progress in the genetic and genomic studies on the physiological divergence between anadromous and freshwater-resident G. aculeatus
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