Abstract
In the face of climate change, water deficit and increasing soil salinity pose an even greater challenge to olive cultivation in the Mediterranean basin. Due to its tolerance to abiotic stresses, wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) presents a good candidate in breeding climate-resilient olive varieties. In this study, the early response of the native Croatian wild olive genotype (WOG) to salinity was evaluated and compared with that of well-known cultivars (cv.) Leccino and Koroneiki. Potted olive plants were exposed either to 150 mM NaCl or 300 mM mannitol for 3 weeks to distinguish between the osmotic and ionic components of salt stress. To determine the impact of the plant age on salinity, 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old WOG plants were used in the study. The growth parameters of both the cultivars and WOG of different ages decreased in response to the mannitol treatment. In contrast to cv. Leccino, the NaCl treatment did not significantly affect the growth of cv. Koroneiki or WOG of any age. The contents of Na+ and Cl− were considerably higher in the salt-treated WOG, regardless of age, compared with the cultivars. However, while both treatments significantly reduced the K+ content of cv. Koroneiki, that nutrient was not significantly affected in either cv. Leccino or WOG. Unlike the cultivars and older WOG, the NaCl treatment caused a significant decline of photosynthetic pigments in the 1-year-old WOG. The cultivars and WOG of different ages experienced a similar drop in the chlorophyll a content under the isotonic mannitol treatment. The absence of lipid peroxidation, modulation of superoxide dismutase, and guaiacol peroxidase activity were noted in all WOG ages under both stressors. These data suggest that WOG resilience to salinity is associated with its large leaf capacity for Na+ and Cl− accumulation, K+ retention, and its adaptable antioxidative mechanisms. The results are promising with regard to obtaining a new olive cultivar with better resilience to soil salinity.
Highlights
The cultivation of agricultural crops is becoming increasingly challenged by the changing climate and a range of biotic and abiotic stresses (Brito et al, 2019)
The aim of this study was to determine if the Croatian wild olive genotype (WOG) “Perišiceva mastrinka” is a potential candidate for a new olive cultivar with a higher resilience to increased soil salinity
The experiment was conducted with two well-known olive cultivars, namely, Leccino and Koroneiki, and WOG plants known as “Perišiceva mastrinka” of different ages (i.e., 1–3 years) in greenhouse conditions at the Institute for Adriatic Crops (IAC), Split (43◦30′17.17′′N, 16◦29′49.71′′E) in spring–summer 2019
Summary
The cultivation of agricultural crops is becoming increasingly challenged by the changing climate and a range of biotic and abiotic stresses (Brito et al, 2019). Among the latter, salinity is a major factor limiting the growth and production of plants (Urbanaviciute et al, 2021). Water deficit imposed by increased soil salinity as a consequence of irrigation with low-quality water (e.g., brackish and saline) remains the main restriction in olive cultivation in the Mediterranean basin (Vitagliano and Sebastiani, 2002; Chartzoulakis, 2005; Munns and Tester, 2008). The advantage of olives over other fruit crops is their natural habitat in calcareous soils with available Ca2+ (Tattini and Traversi, 2009)
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