Abstract
Environmental stresses and rhizosphere microorganisms affect growth parameters and accumulation of active ingredients especially in plants with medicinal properties. The present study examined the effects of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) seedling inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens PF-135 strain on its growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and essential oil concentration at both regular watering and water deficit experiments. Based on the obtained results, water deficit stress reduced root dry mass, and flower fresh and dry mass as well. However, amount of H2O2 and MDA in root and shoot tissues were considerably lower in inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated ones under both normal watering and water deficit regimes. It indicates that lipid peroxidation and production of reactive oxygen species has been diminished in inoculated plants. Also, essential oil content in inoculated plants significantly increased compared with that of non-inoculated ones under water deficit stress condition. It can be concluded that P. fluorescens PF-135 strain has an outstanding potential to alleviate adverse effects of water deficit on plant growth, and hence can be used as an excellent PGPR in order to boost chamomile productivity especially under water deficit stress condition.
Highlights
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a wellknown herbaceous annual medicinal plant belonging to Asteraceae family
Flower of chamomile contains essential oil and flavonoids, which contribute to its medicinal properties (Srivastava and Gupta, 2015)
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) seeds were purchased from Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Karaj, Iran
Summary
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a wellknown herbaceous annual medicinal plant belonging to Asteraceae family. It is widely used in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries around the globe (Frank and Schilcher, 2005). Chamomile possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and significant antiplatelet and anticancer activities (Srivastava et al, 2010; Charousaei et al, 2011; Roby et al, 2013). ROSs may attack cellular membrane phospholipids, leading to production of malondialdehyde (MDA). Plants employ various strategies to manage ROSs, including increase in antioxidant activity and production of various compatible organic solutes such as proline (Ashraf and Foolad, 2007)
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