Physiological analysis of peanut cultivar response to timing and duration of drought stress

Abstract

Pod yield response of two spanish (McCubbin and Red Spanish) and two virginia (Virginia Bunch and Q18801) cultivars were compared under a range of irrigation treatments applied at different growth stages on a Xanthozem soil in a subtropical environment in south-east Queensland. Detailed growth and soil water use measurements were taken on a fully irrigated treatment and a treatment which received no rainfall after 83 days after planting (DAP). Soil water deficits occurring during the flowering to the start of pod growth phase (R/I) significantly reduced pod yields (range, 17-25%) relative to the well-watered control plots (I/I) for all cultivars. Where crops were irrigated until 83 DAP, then crop water deficits occurred throughout the pod growth phase (I/R), a significant cultivar by irrigation treatment interaction was observed for pod yield. The greatest reduction in yield occurred when severe stress occurred during the pod filling phase (Sh). Significant cultivar variation in pod yield was apparent. Differences in pod yield within this treatment were analysed in terms of a simple framework where pod yield is a function of transpired water (T), transpiration efficiency (TE) and harvest index ( H ) . Estimates of TE derived from measurements of carbon isotope discrimination in leaves indicated only small variation in TE, and suggest this trait contributed little to pod yield variation in the cultivars used in this experiment. Variation in pod yield among the four cultivars was largely a result of differences in harvest index characteristics.