Physiologic dead space is independently associated with mortality and discharge of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS: a retrospective study

Abstract

Physiologic dead space is a well-established independent predictor of death in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we explore the association between a surrogate measure of dead space (DS) and early outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) because of COVID-19-associated ARDS. Retrospective cohort study on data derived from Italian ICUs during the first year of the COVID-19 epidemic. A competing risk Cox proportional hazard model was applied to test for the association of DS with two competing outcomes (death or discharge from the ICU) while adjusting for confounders. The final population consisted of 401 patients from seven ICUs. A significant association of DS with both death (HR 1.204; CI 1.019–1.423; p = 0.029) and discharge (HR 0.434; CI 0.414–0.456; p< 0.001) was noticed even when correcting for confounding factors (age, sex, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, PaO_{2}/FiO_{2}, tidal volume, positive end-expiratory pressure, and systolic blood pressure). These results confirm the important association between DS and death or ICU discharge in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS. Further work is needed to identify the optimal role of DS monitoring in this setting and to understand the physiological mechanisms underlying these associations.