Abstract
The textile effluents have been considered as potential source of water contamination in the last few decades. Thus the effective methods were adopted for the removal of dyes and colorants from the textile effluents. In the present research, the removal of textile dye reactive red 223 (RR 223) was carried out by modified bentonite clay (MBC). The modification of bentonite clay was carried out by acid treatment method. The adsorption properties of MBC towards RR 223 were investigated using the batch method, at various temperatures 303-318 ±2 K under the optimized conditions. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted in Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models and the values of the respective constants were evaluated by employing standard graphical method. From the correlation coefficient values (r2), it was founded that Langmuir model is the best fitted isotherm. Feasibility of adsorption process (RL) and sorption energy (Es) was also determined. The pHPZC of adsorbent was estimated by pH drift method. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (Go), enthalpy (Ho) and entropy (So) of the system were calculated. Kinetics of dye removal was investigated that it follows pseudo second order rate constant. The surface morphology of adsorbent was observed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The interaction forces involved between the adsorbent and adsorbate was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition the recovery of dye and regeneration of adsorbent was carried out by desorption experiments. The sorption and desorption capacity of MBC was found to be 95.15% and 78%.
Highlights
During the recent years, the rapid progress in industrial activities leads to excessive discharge of textile effluents which is associated with the incomplete exhaustion of dyes onto fiber during dyeing processes (Olukanni et al, 2006).The textile finishing industries generates a large amount of wastewater which contains dyes and heavy metals which causes environmental pollution
The adsorption, desorption, effect of point of zero charge, thermodynamic and kinetic studies were run by batch method under the optimized conditions of amount of adsorbent, contact time and temperatures
Adsorption, desorption, point of zero charge pHpzc, thermodynamic and kinetics studies were proceeded to determine the validity of process
Summary
The rapid progress in industrial activities leads to excessive discharge of textile effluents which is associated with the incomplete exhaustion of dyes onto fiber during dyeing processes (Olukanni et al, 2006).The textile finishing industries generates a large amount of wastewater which contains dyes and heavy metals which causes environmental pollution. The rapid progress in industrial activities leads to excessive discharge of textile effluents which is associated with the incomplete exhaustion of dyes onto fiber during dyeing processes (Olukanni et al, 2006). Most of them present in the textile effluents which are responsible for the contamination of water and disturbing the ecosystem (Teng & Lin, 2006). They have highly visible colors; even their small portion released in the environment may cause the appearance of intense color. The critical attentions of public and local legislation are needed to remove the coloring materials from textile effluents before discharging into the environment (Pearce et al, 2003). The colors of reactive dyes are not easy to remove by effluent treatment processes and in many cases it’s not degradable (Robinson et al, 2003)
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