Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the physiochemical activities of Senna occidentalis (Linn) roots and phytochemicals as insecticidal (ethyl acetate and methanol) and antidiabetic (ethanolic extract) activities. Physicochemical properties were carried out by using Association of Official Analytical Chemist methods; thin layer chromatography was carried out according to the Stahl method. Larvicidal activity and LD50 were studied against the third instar of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae to detect and extract toxicity. The ethanolic extracts of the roots were orally tested at the dose 200 mg/kg for the hypoglycemic effect on induced hyperglycemia in normal rats, assessed in the ethanol extract, and were compared with diabetic control and standards glibenclamide 10 mg/kg. Physiochemical parameters showed high rate in the nitrogen-free extract (69.6%), curd fiber (14.5%), crude proteins (8.15%), ether extract (3.75%), and both ash and moisture (2%), and high concentrations values were found in potassium (43 mg/l) followed by phosphorous (28.5 mg/l), calcium (15 mg/l), sodium (3.65 mg/l), and magnesium (0.145 mg/l). In this part, phytochemical compounds showed high amount of alkaloids, triterpene, flavonoids, tannins, sugars, and few amount of anthraquinone glycosides. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) studies different colored phytochemical constituted with different Rf values. All the spots are colored under UV light, but some are localized colorless after spaying. The ethyl acetate (EtAc) extract showed eight spots, and the methanol (MeOH) extract showed thirteen spots. The larvicidal activity showed that the ethyl acetate extract was safe against mosquito larvae with an LD50 value 1412.54 (p < 0.05), and the methanol extract had moderate larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with an LD50 value 257.54 (p < 0.05), while the ethanolic extract of Senna occidentalis (L.) causes a favorable hypoglycemic activity when compared to control significant reduction by [53.15%, 32.87%, and 20.94%], respectively, as well as standard glibenclamide. Based on the various data of the physicochemical parameters, TLC spots, and phytochemical compounds of Senna occidentalis root, they could be used as references standards for manufacturing units of Senna occidentalis root larvicidal and antidiabetic drugs.
Highlights
Standardization of medicinal plants is an essential issue to be considered as a therapeutic drug for safety in health care
Senna occidentalis is prescribed for use only as a laxative and bowel cleanser for the treatment the colon and in surgery [5]. e seeds of Senna occidentalis are toxic for the children [6, 7]. e various extracts of the whole plants were subjected to normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats
2.5. in Layer Chromatography. e results of the inLayer Chromatography (TLC) were carried out by using the standard method described by Galib et al and Stalh [24, 25]
Summary
Standardization of medicinal plants is an essential issue to be considered as a therapeutic drug for safety in health care. E various extracts of the whole plants were subjected to normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Gidadoand his co-workers [4] and Verma et al [8]. Biochemistry Research International studied the effect of Senna occidentalis leaves on diabetic rats. E treatment of the disease vectors using synthetic insecticides has failed due to their efficiency in attaining physiological resistance and effect on nontarget organisms [18]. E objective of the present work was to determine and investigate the efficiency of the crude extract of the root of Senna occidentalis for larvicidal activity against the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae, as well as antidiabetic, with reference to physiochemical activities
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