Abstract
Essential oil of Cyperus articulatus have known bioactivities, the qualitative chemical composition analysis of the Essential Oils (EOs) by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) revealed the presence of new compounds not previously known to the plant rhizome which includes, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, nootkatone, 6-methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one, retinene, nopinone, cycloeucalenol, anozol, toosendanin, furanone, ethanone and vitamin A. Cyperus articulatus Essential Oils (CPEOs) loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles (CSNPs) was successful synthesized using an oil-in-water mixture and ionic gelation method and were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. CPEOs had more radical-scavenging bioactivity in vitro than CSNPs and CPEO-CSNPs at initial storage times. CPEO-CSNPs showed the highest (P < 0.05) antioxidant activity over a prolonged period of time. Antimicrobial activity of two strains of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) showed that all CPEO-loaded chitosan nanoparticle inhibited bacterial growth at lower (P < 0.05) CPEO–CSNP concentration (5 mg/mL MIC) compared to free CPEOs (10 mg/mL MIC). Trypan blue in vitro exclusion assay showed CPEO-CSNPs to be more cytotoxic against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells after 48 h. The bioactivity and physiochemical properties of CPEO-CSNPs have shown promising applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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