Abstract
Ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions are used to study the physics of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions, similar to those of the early universe. In such collisions a deconfined state of quarks and gluons, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), is formed. Nuclear collisions at the LHC provide access to the highest-temperature, longest-lived experimentally accessible QGP. After three years of Long Shutdown and intensive installation of detector and accelerator upgrades, ALICE is about to take data at a peak Pb–Pb collision rate of 50 kHz to further characterize the properties of the QGP. Even after the ambitious scientific programme for the upcoming Runs 3 and 4, open questions will remain. Therefore, a next-generation LHC heavy-ion experiment ALICE 3 is proposed for the 2030s. It should give access to next-level measurements of electromagnetic probes and heavy-flavour hadrons, including multi-charm states and exotic hadrons, inaccessible in the LHC Runs 3 and 4.
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