Abstract
The edible and medicinal perennial herb dandelion is known to have antitumor, antioxidant, and anticomplement properties. However, the structural characterization and biological effects of its polysaccharides are not well understood. Here, we aimed to extract and investigate a novel polysaccharide from dandelion. A water-soluble polysaccharide, PD1-1, was successfully obtained from dandelion through ultrasonic-assisted extraction and purification using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)–Sepharose fast flow and Sephadex G-75 columns. The results showed that PD1-1 is an inulin-type polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 2.6 kDa and is composed of glucose (52.39%), and mannose (45.41%). Glycosidic linkage analysis demonstrated that PD1-1 contains terminal α-d-Man/Glcp-(1→ and →1)-β-d-Man/Glcf-(2→ glycosidic linkage conformations. A physicochemical analysis indicated that PD1-1 has a triple helix structure and exhibits important properties, including good swelling, water-holding, and oil-holding capacities. Furthermore, PD1-1 showed good antioxidant activities in DPPH and hydroxyl free radical scavenging abilities, with IC50 values of 0.23 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively, and good hypoglycemic activities in α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, with IC50 values of 0.53 mg/mL and 0.40 mg/mL, respectively, in a concentration-dependent manner. Results suggest that PD1-1 possesses efficacious antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties and has potential applications as a functional food ingredient.
Highlights
Polysaccharides are essential functional substances composed of various monosaccharide sugars and are usually found in animals, plants, and microorganisms [1]
DEAE–Sepharose flow anion-exchange eluting withpolysaccharide distilled waterwas andseparated the stepwise of differentfast
The monosaccharide composition showed that PD1-1 is an inulin-type polysaccharide with glucose (52.39%) and mannose
Summary
Polysaccharides are essential functional substances composed of various monosaccharide sugars and are usually found in animals, plants, and microorganisms [1]. Polysaccharides play an important role in the growth and development of organisms [2,3]. Plant polysaccharides are known to possess multiple biological activities, including antioxidant [4], antitumor [5], anti-hyperglycemic [6], and immune regulation [7] activities, which are closely related to their physicochemical properties. Natural polysaccharides are suitable potential candidates for preventing and treating diseases due to their nontoxicity and negligible side effects compared with synthetic medicines [8,9]. Much research has been devoted to the discovery and investigation of natural polysaccharides. Dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum), a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, is widely distributed in the northern regions of China, including Gansu, Shanxi, and Xinjiang [10]
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