Abstract
Background Low-cost and suitable microcrystalline cellulose powders for use in the pharmaceutical industry can be derived from agricultural residues. Most commercial microcrystalline cellulose powders are produced from dissolving pulp obtained from expensive hard woods using concentrated acids. α-Cellulose was extracted from an agricultural residue (corn cob) using a non-dissolving method. The spectroscopic, thermal and physicochemical properties of the derived α-cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose powders were compared with Avicel® PH 101 (Fluka, New South Wales, Australia), a commercial brand of microcrystalline cellulose (MCCA), using standard methods.
Highlights
Open-field burning of rice straw after harvesting is a conventional method of rice straw disposal in many rice-based countries (Trinh et al 2017)
Factor A was the N2 fixers, factor B was the microbial treatments which were either cellulose decomposers or polyamines producers or control and factor C was the effect of different physical treatments
Data show that Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus circulans were able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and the highest nitrogenase activity was obtained with Azotobacter chroococcum, 133.9 μmol C2H4 ml−1 h−1
Summary
Open-field burning of rice straw after harvesting is a conventional method of rice straw disposal in many rice-based countries (Trinh et al 2017). Rice straw could be considered an important feeding material during dry seasons when the availability of pasture decreases and other feeds are inadequate. Rice straw is characterized by low digestibility, low protein content, poor palatability, high bulkiness and low mineral content which discourages its use as the sole source of feed for ruminants (Van Soest 2006). Several investigations have been documented on the use of mechanical, physical, chemical and biological treatments as. Most of the researches reported that by supplementing rice straw with protein or nitrogenous compounds, the degradability of rice straw, animal intake, milk yield and meat yield can be enhanced when compared with those feeding on untreated rice straw (Wanapat et al 2009). High costs of chemical nitrogenous materials restrict their use in proper amounts, causing obstruct in animal feeding and production.
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