Physicochemical quality of drinking and hot waters in Finnish buildings originated from groundwater or surface water plants

Abstract

The physicochemical quality of drinking and hot waters of 67 buildings in different parts of Finland was studied. Some of the buildings used processed groundwater and some processed surface water. Drinking water samples were taken from the first tap after the water was led into the building. Hot water samples were taken from taps and showers and from circulating hot water systems. The physicochemical quality of drinking water was affected by the origin of raw water used in the water plants. Drinking water from surface water plants contained more organic matter and less metals than water from groundwater plants. The quality goal for total organic carbon (TOC; <2 mg 1 −1) was exceeded by all drinking water samples. In groundwaters, the variation in the content of non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) was great, probably because artificial groundwaters processed from surface waters were included in this group. Unlike in natural waters, the correlation between KMnO 4-number and NPOC in the processed waters was weak. This result shows that KMnO 4-number is an inaccurate estimate for organic carbon in processed waters. Corrosion of pipe materials was seen as elevated concentrations of iron and copper. In general, the physicochemical quality of drinking and hot waters in the buildings was rather similar.