Physicochemical Properties of Membrane Adsorber from Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB) by Acid Activation.

Nur Hidayah,Isna Syauqiah,Angelica Amenia,Aulia Rahma,Daniel Guntur Laksana Putra,Nurul Huda,Heru Renaldi Akbar,Putri Vidiasari Darsono,Muthia Elma

doi:10.3390/membranes11120917

Nur Hidayah, Isna Syauqiah + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120917

Copy DOI

Abstract

A membrane adsorbent was successfully made from palm empty fruit bunches (PEFB), which was pyrolysed as physical activation. The effect of adding the impact of one-step catalyst (hydrochloric acid) and differences in the concentration on the characteristics and structure and deconvolution are investigated in this study. The results of the research have been successfully created and characterised using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherm, and membrane morphology using SEM test. Membrane performance testing was carried out using a biogas flame test. The adsorber membrane was made by adding NH4Cl as a cationic surfactant, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a ratio of 1:3. The FTIR test has a functional group: O-H; C-H stretch; C=C-C; Arly O-Strech; C-O. Adsorbent membrane with the addition of 0.5 M HCl catalyst had the highest ratio of O-H/C=C-C relative area of 4.33. The diffractogram shows an amorphous structure with (002) and (100) graph planes. Adsorber membrane with a concentration of 1.5 M HCl has formed amorphous structured fibre. The adsorber membrane with a concentration of 0.5 HCl activator gave a surface area of 0.5345 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 0.000983 cm3 g−1.

Highlights

IntroductionClean and renewable energy has become an interesting topic among researchers
In recent decades, clean and renewable energy has become an interesting topic among researchers
Palm empty fruit bunches adsorber membrane was made by pyrolysis process as physical activation and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a chemical activator

Summary

Introduction

Clean and renewable energy has become an interesting topic among researchers. Biogas is one of the products resulting from the bioconversion of organic materials used as a renewable energy fuel [1]. Biogas is generally produced from methanation of biomass and organic waste from anaerobic digestion sewage sludge, commercial compost, landfill, biomass gasification (thermochemical production process), anaerobic livestock manure with energy systems, and agro-food industrial processing facilities in mesophilic conditions (35 ◦C) and thermophilic conditions (55 ◦C). Various kinds of contaminants in landfill biogas have a good and bad influence on the quality of the biogas produced. Abatzoglou and Boivin (2009), in their journal, said that components such as NH3, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and siloxanes are impurity contaminants that can cause corrosive, health risks, environmental damage, and are dangerous during the combustion process because they can form microcrystalline silica [3]

Objectives

Methods

Results