Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the following physicochemical properties: radiopacity, final setting time, calcium release, pH change, solubility, water sorption, porosity, surface morphology, and apatite-forming ability of two calcium silicate-based materials.Material and methodsWe tested MTA Repair HP and MTA Vitalcem in comparison with conventional MTA, analyzing radiopacity and final setting time. Water absorption, interconnected pores and apparent porosity were measured after 24-h immersion in deionized water at 37°C. Calcium and pH were tested up to 28 d in deionized water. We analyzed data using two-way ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls tests (p<0.05). We performed morphological and chemical analyses of the material surfaces using ESEM/EDX after 28 d in HBSS.ResultsMTA Repair HP showed similar radiopacity to that of conventional MTA. All materials showed a marked alkalinizing activity within 3 h, which continued for 28 d. MTA Repair HP showed the highest calcium release at 28 d (p<0.05). MTA Vitalcem showed statistically higher water sorption and solubility values (p<0.05). All materials showed the ability to nucleate calcium phosphate on their surface after 28 d in HBSS.ConclusionsMTA Repair HP and MTA Vitalcem had extended alkalinizing activity and calcium release that favored calcium phosphate nucleation. The presence of the plasticizer in MTA HP might increase its solubility and porosity. The radiopacifier calcium tungstate can be used to replace bismuth oxide.
Highlights
Physicochemical properties of calcium silicatebased cements, such as ion release, solubility, porosity, setting time and radiopacity, are of the utmost importance as far as their clinical usefulness is concerned
Conventional mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements are calcium silicate-based materials mainly composed of Portland cement, with the addition of bismuth oxide as a radiopacifier5
Conventional MTA showed the lowest values of solubility, open pore volume, apparent porosity and water sorption (p
Summary
Physicochemical properties of calcium silicatebased cements, such as ion release, solubility, porosity, setting time and radiopacity, are of the utmost importance as far as their clinical usefulness is concerned. Their good biological properties are attributed to their capacity for alkalinizing activity and calcium release. The capacity to spontaneously produce a calcium phosphate apatitelike layer on their surface when in contact with phosphate-containing fluids is largely attributed to calcium release and maintenance of a high pH for a long period of time. Conventional mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements are calcium silicate-based materials mainly composed of Portland cement, with the addition of bismuth oxide as a radiopacifier. It has been shown that even small chemical differences or inclusion of additives in low percentages or even changes in the radiopacifying agent may strongly modify the physicochemical behavior of these materials.
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