Physicochemical Interactions in Systems C.I. Direct Yellow 50—Weakly Basic Resins: Kinetic, Equilibrium, and Auxiliaries Addition Aspects

Ewelina Polska-Adach,Monika Wawrzkiewicz

doi:10.3390/w13030385

Abstract

Intensive development of many industries, including textile, paper or plastic, which consume large amounts of water and generate huge amounts of wastewater-containing toxic dyes, contribute to pollution of the aquatic environment. Among many known methods of wastewater treatment, adsorption techniques are considered the most effective. In the present study, the weakly basic anion exchangers such as Amberlyst A21, Amberlyst A23 and Amberlyst A24 of the polystyrene, phenol-formaldehyde and polyacrylic matrices were used for C.I. Direct Yellow 50 removal from aqueous solutions. The equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Kinetic studies were described by the pseudo-second order model. The pseudo-second order rate constants were in the range of 0.0609–0.0128 g/mg·min for Amberlyst A24, 0.0038–0.0015 g/mg·min for Amberlyst A21 and 1.1945–0.0032 g/mg·min for Amberlyst A23, and decreased with the increasing initial concentration of dye from 100–500 mg/L, respectively. There were observed auxiliaries (Na2CO3, Na2SO4, anionic and non-ionic surfactants) impact on the dye uptake. The polyacrylic resin Amberlyst A24 can be promising sorbent for C.I. Direct Yellow 50 removal as it is able to uptake 666.5 mg/g of the dye compared to the phenol-formaldehyde Amberlyst A23 which has a 284.3 mg/g capacity.

Highlights

Received: 1 January 2021Water is indispensable for life
The land is covered with 71% of water, where the vast majority, about 97%, is in the seas and oceans and is inaccessible to human consumption, while the remaining 3% is occupied by fresh water
The rapid increase in the world numbers and extensive industrial activities have caused the demand for water to double globally every 21 years

Summary

Introduction

Received: 1 January 2021Water is indispensable for life. Every organism contains water and needs it to live.The land is covered with 71% of water, where the vast majority, about 97%, is in the seas and oceans and is inaccessible to human consumption, while the remaining 3% is occupied by fresh water (ice sheets, glaciers, eternal snow and ground ice as well as underground water). Every organism contains water and needs it to live. The land is covered with 71% of water, where the vast majority, about 97%, is in the seas and oceans and is inaccessible to human consumption, while the remaining 3% is occupied by fresh water (ice sheets, glaciers, eternal snow and ground ice as well as underground water). Of these 3%, only 0.06% is accessible to plants, animals and humans [1]. The United Nations estimated that by 2025 water shortages could affect as many as 2.7 billion people [1,2]

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